Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds

Emine Sadıç; Tülay Aşkın Çelik

doi:10.31015/2025.3.3

Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds

Abstract

Cigarette consumption and the associated environmental impact of cigarette waste are on the rise. Among these, cigarette butts particularly due to their cellulose acetate content can persist in the environment for prolonged periods and may exert toxic effects on soil dwelling organisms and plants. This study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of leachates derived from both regular and light cigarette butts and filters on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (mung bean). Experimental groups included a negative control (distilled water), a positive control (0.02 M ethyl methanesulfonate), and treatments with leachates of light cigarette butts, light filters, regular cigarette butts, and regular filters. Leachates were applied at varying concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%), and their effects were assessed based on seed germination, root and shoot lengths, growth index (%GI), relative growth index (RGI), and fresh and dry biomass. The results revealed significant inhibition of root and shoot growth at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% across all treatment groups. Higher concentrations notably suppressed RGI and %GI values (p < 0.05), while fresh and dry weights declined proportionally with increasing concentration. These findings clearly demonstrate that leachates from both regular and light cigarette butts and filters have phytotoxic effects on plant development. Given the growing concern over environmental pollution, the need for effective strategies to mitigate the ecological risks posed by cigarette waste is evident, underscoring the importance of further research in this area.

Keywords

Biomass, Cigarette butt, Germination, Growth Index, Phytotoxicity, Vigna radiata

Thanks

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey, for providing the necessary laboratory facilities for this study. This research is part of the master's thesis titled "Investigation of the Phytotoxic, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Effects of Light Cigarette Butt Water Using Different Test Methods."

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecology (Other), Environmental Management (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Emine Sadıç
0000-0002-2013-6138
Türkiye

Tülay Aşkın Çelik ^*
0000-0001-6891-9089
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 27, 2025

Submission Date

February 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 10, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99EJ64KY

APA

Sadıç, E., & Aşkın Çelik, T. (2025). Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 9(3), 654-662. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.3

AMA

1.Sadıç E, Aşkın Çelik T. Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9(3):654-662. doi:10.31015/2025.3.3

Chicago

Sadıç, Emine, and Tülay Aşkın Çelik. 2025. “Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 (3): 654-62. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.3.

EndNote

Sadıç E, Aşkın Çelik T (September 1, 2025) Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 3 654–662.

IEEE

[1]E. Sadıç and T. Aşkın Çelik, “Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 654–662, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.31015/2025.3.3.

ISNAD

Sadıç, Emine - Aşkın Çelik, Tülay. “Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9/3 (September 1, 2025): 654-662. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.3.

JAMA

1.Sadıç E, Aşkın Çelik T. Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9:654–662.

MLA

Sadıç, Emine, and Tülay Aşkın Çelik. “Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 654-62, doi:10.31015/2025.3.3.

Vancouver

1.Emine Sadıç, Tülay Aşkın Çelik. Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025 Sep. 1;9(3):654-62. doi:10.31015/2025.3.3

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Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds

Environmental Threats of Cigarette Waste: Phytotoxic Effects of Leachate from Cigarette Butts on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Seeds

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