JER WRITING RULES AND PAPER TEMPLATE

1) The whole paper should be typed in Times New Roman font.
2) The title of the paper should be in Times New Roman, 14 font size, Bold, centered and all letters should be capitalized.
3) Names of the author(s) should be placed after the title with 1 ENTER gap (12 font size gap), aligned right, in Times New Roman font, font size 12, Bold, italic. The last name of the author(s) should be capitalized and only the initial letter of the name should be capitalized, all other letters should be in lowercase. If there is more than 1 author, each additional author’s name should be on a new line. Each author should have a superscript number (as a footnote reference). In the footnote should be the title of the author, University (institution), e-mail, ORCID iD information in Times New Roman font with font size 8.
4) Before the main text, title in Turkish and Öz (abstract) in Turkish, followed by the title in English and Abstract in English should be placed. Abstracts in Turkish and English, each, should have between 100-200 words. Abstracts should be in Times New Roman font with font size 10. If the language of the paper is other than Turkish, the Turkish abstract should be placed after the abstract in the language of the paper. There must be at least 3, maximum 6 keywords written as "Keywords" just below the abstract. Below the keywords, as "JEL Classification," at least 3, maximum 6 JEL Codes must be written. For the JEL Codes, please, visit https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php 
5) Papers should be typed by using Word 97-2003, on A4 paper size, with margins 2.5 cm from right, 3 cm from left, 2 cm from top and 2.3 cm from bottom, single-line spacing, justified, paragraphs are separated 6 pt before and after, should not exceed 20 pages.
6) There should not be more than one space between words, punctuation marks should be placed right after the word that is preceding them. There should be one space right after punctuation marks. The first line of each paragraph of text should be 1 cm indented from the left margin. There should not be any line jump between paragraphs.
7) “INTRODUCTION,” “CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION,” and “REFERENCES” headings should not be numbered, all letters should be capital, aligned left and bold.
8) Section headings: Main headings should be justified, all capitalized, bold and 12 font size.
9) Subheadings: Subheadings should be bold, left aligned, only first letters capitalized. After the subheading, there should be a new paragraph beginning.
10) Figures, tables and photos should be within margins and, if necessary, each should be placed on a separate page. Title of each should be typed in Times New Roman font with font size 12, bold, numbered (e.g., Table 1.), and named in Turkish or English, depending on the context. Numbers and titles should be placed above tables and below figures. Only the first letters of the title should be capitalized. If necessary, captions and abbreviations should be placed right below the figures, tables and photos with font size 8. The text size within the table or figure should be 10. In addition, references to tables and figures should be below them with font size 8.
11) References:
• In-text references should be placed right after the related texts, in parenthesis; last name of the author, publication year and page number should be given respectively (e.g., Smith, 2001: 28).
• In the case of more than one in-text reference, references should be in the same parenthesis, listed according to the alphabetic order, separated from each other by semi column (e.i., Smith, 2001: 120; Johns, 2018: 74).
• In the case of references with two authors, the word “and” should be placed between last names (e.i., Smith and Johns, 2008: 74); with more than two authors, “et al.” should come right after the last name of the first author (Smith et al., 2001: 425). If the name of the author is mentioned within the text, the year and page number in a parenthesis should be given (e.i., (1990:28)). Two references published by the same author in the same year may be shown by adding a letter next to right of the publication year (e.i., (Smith, 2003a: 25), (Smith, 2003b: 58).
• For an in-text reference that cannot be accessible, the reference that cites this inaccessible reference should be placed in the parenthesis, as well (e.g., Smith, 1911: 75, as cited in Johns, 1998: 25)
• To reference a hand-written (ancient, classical) work in the text, the abbreviation “hw” should come right after the name of the author or translator in a parenthesis and sheet number should be included. The full reference should be placed in the list of references (e.i., Ahmedî, [hw] 1410: 7b).
• To reference an archival document, in text citation should be in the format of the following: (BCA, Mühimme 15: 25). The full citation should be in the reference list.
• Direct quotations should be cited with quotation mark and the source should be given in parenthesis at the end. Direct quotations with fewer than or equal to 5 lines should be within the same paragraph and italic. Direct quotations with more than 5 lines should be placed in a free-standing block, on a new line, 1 cm indented from the left margin and italic. For indirect quotations, at the end of the indirect quotation, the source may be placed in a parenthesis.
• All the references cited in the text should be in the list of references at the end. Those references that are not cited in the text, regardless of their reference quality, should not be placed in the list of references. The list of references should be after the main text and listed according to the last names of authors. For those references that goes back to before the last name law was enacted, they are listed according to the names of the authors.
• The indentation for the list of references should be in the form of “hanging” by 1 cm.
• ALL THE REFERENCES SHOULD BE IN APA (American Psychological Association) FORMAT.

Important note: You may download the paper template HERE. Uploading your paper according to the template is the prerequisite for the peer-review process to start. Please, visit Authors' Responsibilities page for the Copyright Agreement and the Ethics Committee Approval Document.

• Names and e-mail addresses on the Journal of Economics and Research site will be used only for the stated purposes of the Journal of Economics and Research; They will not be made available for any other purpose or for the use of other persons.
• The author(s) are obliged to fill in, sign and send the Copyright Agreement, which is located in the "Author's Responsibilities" section, to the Journal of Economics and Research.
• The similarity rate in the submitted papers should not exceed 20% according to the iThenticate program report.
• JER is published twice a year (April and September) and does not charge authors any fees.
• Papers that are submitted are subject to peer-review process. JER applies double-blind peer-review system. This way, neither party sees each other's identity.
• The evaluation process is concluded between 1-5 months.
• Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained for research conducted in all disciplines, including Social Sciences, and for clinical and experimental studies on humans and animals, requiring Ethical Committee decision, according to the TR Index Journal Evaluation Criteria, and this approval should be stated and documented in the paper. You may download the Ethics Committee Approval Document here.
• JER publishes academic studies in Turkish and English.

The Journal of Economics and Finance (JER) follows the guidelines and policies published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for the ethics and responsibilities of authors, journal editors, reviewers, and publishers. International standards published by COPE for editors, referees, authors and publishers are taken into account in article submissions and evaluation processes.

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

Authors submitting studies to the JER are expected to fulfill following ethical responsibilities:
• Studies must be original and up-to-date. All reference works must be cited or quoted fully and accurately.
• Names that do not contribute to the study are not to be specified as authors. Conflict of interest or relationships must be explained (if available).
• Raw materials of submitted article(s) can be requested within the framework of evaluation processes. Authors must submit the requested data and information to editorial and science boards.
• Authors are liable to cooperate with editor in informing journal editor or publisher, correcting or withdrawing in case that an inaccuracy or error is detected about any published or under-review study.
• Authors are not to submit their studies to application processes of multiple journals.
• Any study published in other journal is not to be submitted to the JER.
• Any under-review study submitted to another journal is not to be submitted to the JER.
• Any process such as adding-removing author, changing the order of authors cannot be demanded for a study under review process.
• The authors should obtain "Ethics Committee Approval" regarding their work.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

The editor and field editors of the JER should hold the following ethical responsibilities that are based on the guides "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" published as open Access by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

General Tasks and Responsibilities

The editors have the following roles and responsibilities:
• Ensuring the development of the Journal in national and international sense,
• Managing processes to improve the quality of published studies,
• Conducting processes to apply ethical rules for all shareholders of the Journal,
• Updating publishing and ethical policies with the purpose of bringing contribution to the development of the Journal,
• Organizing and updating website of the Journal.

Relationships with Readers
Editors must
• consider readers’ feedbacks towards publishing, scope and ethics of the Journal.
• improve the studies published in the JER in consideration of interests and needs of readers.
• be liable to respond the questions of readers in line with ethical rules.

Relationships with Authors
Responsibilities of Editors to Authors are as follows;
Editors must
• submit the studies to editorial board to decide whether the studies are to be sent to reviewers or not,
• inform authors about publishing and ethical policies,
• prevent possible conflicts between authors and reviewers,
• carry out “Double-Blind Review” in a healthy way and to ensure an unbiased evaluation process,
• assess the demands of authors towards not to send their studies to reviewers with whom they have conflict of interest,
• affirm demands of authors to withdraw their studies under review process,
• assess authors’ objections to reviewer and editor decisions/reports and to initiate a new review process where available.

Relationships with Reviewers
Responsibilities of editors to reviewers are as follows;
Editors must
• choose a suitable reviewer in related field of the study,
• ensure information and guidelines needed by reviewers during review process,
• monitor any conflict of interest between authors and reviewers,
• keep information of reviewer confidential,
• encourage reviewers to be unbiased,
• respond questions of reviewers about publishing and ethical policies,
• update the pool of reviewers with the purpose of improving,
• remind reviewers about timing,
• encourage reviewers to make constructive, polite and appropriate review.

Relationships with Editorial Board
Editors must
• arrange meetings with the editorial board with certain intervals,
• provide information and guidelines to editorial board about publishing and ethical policies of the JER,
• improve the Journal in consideration of feedbacks of the editorial board,
• to ensure objectivity of the members of the editorial board,
• to encourage editorial board to make review in scientific framework,

Author Rights:
Author(s) can;
• detect the reviewers to whom the studies should not be sent due to conflict of interest and/or other ethical reasons,
• withdraw their unpublished study during the editorial review process,
• oppose to reviewer reports and editor decisions,
• demand erratum for information errors or problematic areas in the given study to be published in the first issue due to error in fact during publication process.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers

Studies submitted to the JER are reviewed by at least two reviewers in the related field. Ideas of editor or a third reviewer are asked in case of equality between negative and positive views on the article during the reviewing process.

• Double-blind review process has been adopted in the JER, authors and reviewers are not aware of each other’s identity.
• Reviewers are expected to read publishing principles of the JER.
• Reviewers should accept to review only the studies in their specialty fields, and not to accept reviewing the manuscript in the field of which they are not expert even for having information about the topic of the given article,
• Reviewers should refuse reviewing when they realize they cannot be objective.
• Reviewers should complete the review process in a certain period of time, and review on unbiased and confidentiality terms.
• Reviewers should refuse reviewing in case of a conflict of interest and inform editor about it,
• Reviewers should inform editor when the reviewed manuscript has already been submitted to any other journal.
• Reviewers should review manuscript in a constructive and polite language, and not comment personal views such as hospitality, insult and defamation.
• Reviewers should make sure that the review is related to the content of any given manuscript. They should pay attention not to bring the effect of religion, race, sex, political views and so on to the review process.