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Çevre Vergisi-Ekonomik Büyüme İkilemi

Year 2012, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 641 - 658, 01.12.2012

Abstract

Artan iktisadi faaliyetlerin, üretim artışı ve ekonomik büyüme gibi olumlu etkilerinin yanı sıra kaynakların aşırı ve verimsiz kullanımı sonucu çevresel kirlilik oluşturması gibi olumsuz etkileri de söz konusudur. Çevre kirliliği sonucu ortaya çıkan dışsallıkları ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla çevresel vergiler uygulanmaktadır. Ancak bazen uygulanan çevresel vergilerin farklı sonuçları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bazı ekonomilerde büyümeyi yavaşlatırken; bazı ekonomilerde çevre dostu teknolojilerin kullanılmasını teşvik ederek kaynakların etkin kullanılmasına yol açmakta ve ekonomik büyümeye olumlu etki yapmaktadır. Çalışmada CO2 emisyonu, kişi başına milli gelir ve çevresel vergiler arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Veriler Dünya Bankası ve OECD’den alınmıştır. Belirtilen değişkenler kullanılarak, modelde uzun dönemli ilişkiyi analiz etmek amacıyla Eşbütünleşme testi yapılmış; analizin diğer aşamasında ise Vektör Otoregresiv Model (VAR) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular uzun dönemde değişkenler arasında ilişkinin var olduğunu göstermektedir

References

  • Akbostancı, E., Türüt, S., ve Tunç, İ. (2009). The Relationship Between Income and Environment in Turkey: Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve?. Energy Policy 37. ss. 861-867.
  • Aloi, M. ve Tournemaine, F. (2011). Growth Effects of Environmental Policy When Pollution Affects Health. Economic Modelling 28. Science Direct. ss. 1683-1690.
  • Başar, S. ve Temurlenk, M. S. (2007). Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 21 (1). ss.1-12.
  • Bekmez, S. ve Gökalp, M. F. (2004). Trade Liberalization and Pollution in Turkey: An Empirical Re-evaluation of Pollution Havens Hypothesis. Proc. VII. International Conference on Global Economic Analysis: Trade, Poverty, and the Environment. World Bank. Washington, D.C. ABD.
  • Bekmez, S. ve Nakıpoğlu, F. (2011). Environment and Economic Development Interaction: The Case of Turkey. Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference Bildiri Kitapçığı. 13-15 Ekim 2011, Zagrep, Hırvatistan.
  • Cohen, S. I. (2001). Microeconomic Policy. Routledge. ss.72-95.
  • Cole, M.A., Rayner, A.J., ve Bates, J.M. (1997). The Environmental Kuznets Curve: An Empirical Analysis. Environment and Development Economics 2(4): ss. 401–416.
  • Copeland, B. R. ve Taylor, M. S. (2003). Trade, Growth and the Environment. NBER Working Paper Series. 9823.
  • Enders, W. (2004). Applied Econometric Time Series. Wiley, New York. 2nd ed. ss. 171-274.
  • Ewijk, C. V. ve Wijnbergen, S. V. (1995). Can Abatement Overcome the Conflict Between Environmental and Economic Growth?. De Economist 143. No:2. ss.197- 199.
  • Ferhatoğlu, E. (2003). Avrupa Birliği’nde Ortak Çevre Politikası Çerçevesinde Çevre Vergileri. Yaklaşım Dergisi. Sayı:3.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1994). Economic Growth and the Environment. Working Paper No.4634.
  • Islam N., Vincent J. ve Panayotou T. (1996). Unveiling the Income-Environment Relationship: An Exploration into the Determinants of Environmental Quality. Harvard-Institute for International Development. Number: 701.
  • Jaeger, W. (2003). Environmental Taxation and the Double Dividend. Online Encyclopedia of Ecological Economics (OEEE).
  • (http://www.ecoeco.org/education_encyclopedia.php). Erişim: 16.02.2012.
  • Kargı, V. ve Yüksel, C. (2010). Çevresel Dışsallıklarda Kamu Ekonomisi Çözümleri. Maliye Dergisi. Sayı 159. Temmuz-Aralık, 2010. s.191. Leicester, A. (2006). The UK Tax System and the Environment. The Institute for Fiscal Studies. ss. 3-6.
  • Morley, B. (2010a). Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Environmental Taxes. Working Paper. Bath, UK: Department of Economics, University of Bath. (02/10).
  • Morley, B. (2010b). Environmental Policy and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Working Paper. Bath, UK: Department of Economics, University of Bath. (12/10).
  • Reppelin-Hill, V. (1998). Trade and Environment: An Empirical Analysis of the Technology Effect in the Steel Industry. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 38. ss. 283-301.
  • Selden Thomas M., ve Daqing S. (1994), “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, XXVII: ss.147-62.
  • Sevüktekin, M. ve Nargeleçekenler, M. (2007). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi E-Views Uygulamalı. Umut Kitabevi. Ankara. ss. 311-378.
  • Stern, D. I. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve. Encyclopedia of Energy. Volume 2.
  • Tekeli, R. ve Hotunluoğlu, H. (2007). Karbon Vergisinin Ekonomik Analizi ve Etkileri: Karbon Vergisinin Emisyon Azaltıcı Etkisi Var Mı?. T.C. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyo Ekonomi Dergisi. 070206 (2). s.121.
  • Tsurumi, T. ve Managi, S. (2010). Does Energy Substitution Affect Carbon Dioxide Emissions-Income Relationship?. Journal of The Japanese and International Economies 24. ss. 540–551.
  • Zhang, Z. ve Baranzini, A. (2004). What Do We Know About Carbon Taxes? An Inquiry into Their Impacts on Competitiveness and Distribution of Income. Energy Policy 32. s.510.
  • OECD, www.oecd.org; Erişim: 07.03.2012.

Environmental Tax and Economic Growth Dilemma

Year 2012, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 641 - 658, 01.12.2012

Abstract

Increased economic activities may have both negative and positive effects on environment. For instance, increased in production and economic growth may cause high living standards. On the other hand, it may also cause environmental pollution due to excessive and inefficient use of resources. Environmental taxes are applied in order to eliminate externalities resulting from environmental pollution. However the effects of environmental taxes applied may differ. They lead to efficient use of resources by promoting environmental friendly technologies and create a positive impact on economic growth in some economies, while they slow down growth rate in other economies. In this study, the relationship between CO2 emission, national income per capita and environmental taxes has been analyzed. The data have been collected from the World Bank and the OECD. By using mentioned variables, Cointegration Test has been used in order to analyze long term relationship between the series. Then, Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) has been applied in the second stage of the analysis. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between variables

References

  • Akbostancı, E., Türüt, S., ve Tunç, İ. (2009). The Relationship Between Income and Environment in Turkey: Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve?. Energy Policy 37. ss. 861-867.
  • Aloi, M. ve Tournemaine, F. (2011). Growth Effects of Environmental Policy When Pollution Affects Health. Economic Modelling 28. Science Direct. ss. 1683-1690.
  • Başar, S. ve Temurlenk, M. S. (2007). Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 21 (1). ss.1-12.
  • Bekmez, S. ve Gökalp, M. F. (2004). Trade Liberalization and Pollution in Turkey: An Empirical Re-evaluation of Pollution Havens Hypothesis. Proc. VII. International Conference on Global Economic Analysis: Trade, Poverty, and the Environment. World Bank. Washington, D.C. ABD.
  • Bekmez, S. ve Nakıpoğlu, F. (2011). Environment and Economic Development Interaction: The Case of Turkey. Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference Bildiri Kitapçığı. 13-15 Ekim 2011, Zagrep, Hırvatistan.
  • Cohen, S. I. (2001). Microeconomic Policy. Routledge. ss.72-95.
  • Cole, M.A., Rayner, A.J., ve Bates, J.M. (1997). The Environmental Kuznets Curve: An Empirical Analysis. Environment and Development Economics 2(4): ss. 401–416.
  • Copeland, B. R. ve Taylor, M. S. (2003). Trade, Growth and the Environment. NBER Working Paper Series. 9823.
  • Enders, W. (2004). Applied Econometric Time Series. Wiley, New York. 2nd ed. ss. 171-274.
  • Ewijk, C. V. ve Wijnbergen, S. V. (1995). Can Abatement Overcome the Conflict Between Environmental and Economic Growth?. De Economist 143. No:2. ss.197- 199.
  • Ferhatoğlu, E. (2003). Avrupa Birliği’nde Ortak Çevre Politikası Çerçevesinde Çevre Vergileri. Yaklaşım Dergisi. Sayı:3.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1994). Economic Growth and the Environment. Working Paper No.4634.
  • Islam N., Vincent J. ve Panayotou T. (1996). Unveiling the Income-Environment Relationship: An Exploration into the Determinants of Environmental Quality. Harvard-Institute for International Development. Number: 701.
  • Jaeger, W. (2003). Environmental Taxation and the Double Dividend. Online Encyclopedia of Ecological Economics (OEEE).
  • (http://www.ecoeco.org/education_encyclopedia.php). Erişim: 16.02.2012.
  • Kargı, V. ve Yüksel, C. (2010). Çevresel Dışsallıklarda Kamu Ekonomisi Çözümleri. Maliye Dergisi. Sayı 159. Temmuz-Aralık, 2010. s.191. Leicester, A. (2006). The UK Tax System and the Environment. The Institute for Fiscal Studies. ss. 3-6.
  • Morley, B. (2010a). Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Environmental Taxes. Working Paper. Bath, UK: Department of Economics, University of Bath. (02/10).
  • Morley, B. (2010b). Environmental Policy and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Working Paper. Bath, UK: Department of Economics, University of Bath. (12/10).
  • Reppelin-Hill, V. (1998). Trade and Environment: An Empirical Analysis of the Technology Effect in the Steel Industry. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 38. ss. 283-301.
  • Selden Thomas M., ve Daqing S. (1994), “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, XXVII: ss.147-62.
  • Sevüktekin, M. ve Nargeleçekenler, M. (2007). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi E-Views Uygulamalı. Umut Kitabevi. Ankara. ss. 311-378.
  • Stern, D. I. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve. Encyclopedia of Energy. Volume 2.
  • Tekeli, R. ve Hotunluoğlu, H. (2007). Karbon Vergisinin Ekonomik Analizi ve Etkileri: Karbon Vergisinin Emisyon Azaltıcı Etkisi Var Mı?. T.C. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyo Ekonomi Dergisi. 070206 (2). s.121.
  • Tsurumi, T. ve Managi, S. (2010). Does Energy Substitution Affect Carbon Dioxide Emissions-Income Relationship?. Journal of The Japanese and International Economies 24. ss. 540–551.
  • Zhang, Z. ve Baranzini, A. (2004). What Do We Know About Carbon Taxes? An Inquiry into Their Impacts on Competitiveness and Distribution of Income. Energy Policy 32. s.510.
  • OECD, www.oecd.org; Erişim: 07.03.2012.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA33BF43JR
Journal Section Article
Authors

Selahattin Bekmez This is me

Ferda Nakıpoğlu This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2012
Submission Date December 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bekmez, S., & Nakıpoğlu, F. (2012). Environmental Tax and Economic Growth Dilemma. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(3), 641-658.