Research Article

From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan

Volume: 19 Number: 7 September 28, 2026
TR EN

From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan

Abstract

Afghanistan became one of the principal arenas in which great power rivalry, regional intervention, and internal political fragmentation intersected during the Cold War. This study analyses the political transformation of Afghanistan from the Soviet invasion of December 1979 to the Taliban’s capture of Kabul in September 1996 within its historical context. It aims to demonstrate how this transformation was shaped at the intersection of the international conjuncture, regional dynamics, and domestic political developments. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative historical analysis and is situated at the intersection of political history and international relations. Within this framework, historical causal relations are examined through document-based analysis. The study addresses the strategic and ideological factors behind the Soviet Union’s decision to invade, the reflections of Cold War policies shaped by the Carter and Reagan Doctrines of the United States, the organizational structure of the mujahideen resistance, and the support mechanisms provided by regional actors such as Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that the Soviet withdrawal did not produce stability in Afghanistan; on the contrary, the limited effectiveness of Najibullah’s National Reconciliation policy, combined with the power struggle among mujahideen groups, deepened the civil war and created a political and social environment conducive to the rise of the Taliban. By evaluating dependency theory together with the proxy war approach, the study concludes that the interaction of great power competition, regional interventions, and internal political divisions generated a prolonged period of instability in Afghanistan. In this respect, the period from 1979 to 1996 should be regarded as not only a phase of regime change but also as a critical period, that transformed Afghanistan’s political structure and shaped the historical background of contemporary regional security dynamics.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Conflict Resolution in International Relations

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 28, 2026

Submission Date

April 11, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 7

APA
Mesçioğlu Fedai, M. (2026). From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Kent Akademisi, 19(7), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1928088
AMA
1.Mesçioğlu Fedai M. From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Urban Academy. 2026;19(7):1-19. doi:10.35674/kent.1928088
Chicago
Mesçioğlu Fedai, Merve. 2026. “From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan”. Kent Akademisi 19 (7): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1928088.
EndNote
Mesçioğlu Fedai M (September 1, 2026) From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Kent Akademisi 19 7 1–19.
IEEE
[1]M. Mesçioğlu Fedai, “From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan”, Urban Academy, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1–19, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.35674/kent.1928088.
ISNAD
Mesçioğlu Fedai, Merve. “From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan”. Kent Akademisi 19/7 (September 1, 2026): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1928088.
JAMA
1.Mesçioğlu Fedai M. From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Urban Academy. 2026;19:1–19.
MLA
Mesçioğlu Fedai, Merve. “From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan”. Kent Akademisi, vol. 19, no. 7, Sept. 2026, pp. 1-19, doi:10.35674/kent.1928088.
Vancouver
1.Merve Mesçioğlu Fedai. From the Soviet Invasion to the Rise of the Taliban: Political Transformation in Afghanistan. Urban Academy. 2026 Sep. 1;19(7):1-19. doi:10.35674/kent.1928088

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