Research Article

A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

Volume: 19 Number: 8 October 26, 2026
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A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

Abstract

Two earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş, of Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6, struck southern and southeastern Türkiye on 6 February 2023. Eleven provinces were officially designated as directly affected: Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, and Şanlıurfa. This study examines how these provinces’ socioeconomic positions changed after the disaster and whether a single composite ranking adequately captures these shifts. Seven Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) indicators for 2022–2024 are analyzed: net migration rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, housing sales, construction permits, occupancy permits, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Weights come from the Correlation Coefficient and Standard Deviation (CCSD) method, which penalizes criteria whose information others already represent. Rankings are generated with the Stable Preference Ordering Towards Ideal Solution (SPOTIS) method, whose fixed bounds prevent rank reversal. Each year is weighted independently, enabling direct comparison of pre- and post-disaster structures. The weights change substantially: GDP per capita leads in 2022 (0.2141) and remains high in 2023, whereas housing sales (0.1764) and the unemployment rate (0.1713) lead in 2024. Malatya rises from fourth to first; Hatay drops to last in 2023 and returns to seventh; Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa remain eleventh and tenth, respectively. Criterion-level decomposition shows that aggregate rankings can mislead: Adıyaman’s Absolute Shock of −0.27 suggests mild improvement, yet its net migration rate falls by 10.02 standard deviations while its construction permits rise by 5.40. Combinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) and Multi-Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA) replicate the SPOTIS ordering every year (ρ ≥ 0.955).

Keywords

Supporting Institution

There is no financial support.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required for this study, as the analysis is based solely on publicly available secondary data published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK).

Thanks

There is no individual or institution to thank.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Urbanization Policies, Urban Policy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 26, 2026

Submission Date

July 27, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 8

APA
Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu, Ş. (2026). A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Kent Akademisi, 19(8), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.2004605
AMA
1.Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu Ş. A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Urban Academy. 2026;19(8):1-22. doi:10.35674/kent.2004605
Chicago
Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu, Şule. 2026. “A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes”. Kent Akademisi 19 (8): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.2004605.
EndNote
Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu Ş (October 1, 2026) A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Kent Akademisi 19 8 1–22.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu, “A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes”, Urban Academy, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1–22, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.35674/kent.2004605.
ISNAD
Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu, Şule. “A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes”. Kent Akademisi 19/8 (October 1, 2026): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.2004605.
JAMA
1.Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu Ş. A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Urban Academy. 2026;19:1–22.
MLA
Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu, Şule. “A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes”. Kent Akademisi, vol. 19, no. 8, Oct. 2026, pp. 1-22, doi:10.35674/kent.2004605.
Vancouver
1.Şule Bayazit Bedirhanoğlu. A Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Socioeconomic Outlook of the Provinces Affected by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. Urban Academy. 2026 Oct. 1;19(8):1-22. doi:10.35674/kent.2004605

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