Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi

Osman Salih Gündoğdu; Fikret Karaduman; Elif Güngör

doi:10.31466/kfbd.1739077

EN TR

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Indium-Doped ZnO Thin Films Emitting White Light

Abstract

In this study, 7% indium-doped ZnO (IZO) thin films were produced using the dip-coating technique at different annealing temperatures (150 °C, 350 °C, 550 °C). The effect of temperature on the structural, morphological, and photoluminescence properties of the produced films was investigated. XRD results showed that crystallization did not occur at low temperatures, and that the films formed in a hexagonal wurtzite structure at higher temperatures. However, high temperatures caused partial deterioration in crystal quality due to increased thermal stress and dislocation density. SEM analyses showed that films obtained at 350 °C had a more homogeneous, dense, and smooth surface morphology, while at 550 °C, grain coalescence increased surface roughness. Photoluminescence analysis showed that films annealed at high temperatures emitted white light through the combination of 380 nm blue and 550 nm yellow emissions, which was related to transitions originating from defect centers. It is thought that IZO films synthesized with high indium doping and annealed at high temperatures could be a potential alternative for white light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) used in lighting and next-generation display technologies due to their high crystal integrity, low defect density, and distinct white light emission.

Keywords

IZO thin film, Dip coating, Crystallisation, Photoluminescence

Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, %7 indiyum katkılı ZnO ince filmler, farklı tavlama sıcaklıklarında (150 °C, 350 °C, 550 °C) daldırma kaplama tekniği ile üretildi. Üretilen filmlerin yapısal, morfolojik ve fotolüminesans özelliklerine sıcaklık etkisi incelendi. XRD sonuçları, düşük sıcaklıkta kristallenmenin gerçekleşmediğini, yüksek sıcaklıklara çıkıldığında filmlerin hekzagonal wurtzit yapıda oluştuğunu gösterdi. Ancak yüksek sıcaklık, artan ısıl gerilim ve dislokasyon yoğunluğu nedeniyle kristal kalitesinde kısmi bozulmaya neden olmuştur. SEM analizleri, 350 °C’de elde edilen filmlerin daha homojen, yoğun ve düzgün yüzey morfolojisine sahip olduğunu, 550 °C’de ise tanecik birleşmesiyle yüzey pürüzlülüğünün arttığını gösterdi. Fotolüminesans analizi, yüksek sıcaklıklarda tavlanan filmlerin 380 nm mor ve 550 nm sarı emisyonların birleşmesiyle beyaz ışık yaydığını, bu durumun kusur merkezlerinden kaynaklanan geçişlerle ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi. Yüksek indiyum katkısı ile sentezlenen ve yüksek sıcaklıklarda tavlanan IZO filmlerin, yüksek kristal bütünlüğü, düşük kusur yoğunluğu ve belirgin beyaz ışık emisyonu nedeniyle aydınlatma ve yeni nesil ekran teknolojilerinde kullanılan beyaz ışık yayan diyotlar (WOLED) için potansiyel bir alternatif olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

IZO ince film, Daldırma kaplama, Kristalleşme, Fotolüminesans

Thanks

Fotolüminesans ölçümleri için Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezine ve Dr. Mustafa Burak ÇOBAN’a teşekkür ederiz.

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Plating Technology, Nanomaterials, Nanoscale Characterisation, Nanomanufacturing

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Osman Salih Gündoğdu ^*
0009-0008-9417-4824
Türkiye

Fikret Karaduman
0009-0000-8322-5413
Türkiye

Elif Güngör
0000-0002-7158-9604
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 4, 2026

Submission Date

July 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 16 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1739077

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29YR42CL

APA

Gündoğdu, O. S., Karaduman, F., & Güngör, E. (2026). Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 806-826. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1739077

AMA

1.Gündoğdu OS, Karaduman F, Güngör E. Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi. KFBD. 2026;16(2):806-826. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1739077

Chicago

Gündoğdu, Osman Salih, Fikret Karaduman, and Elif Güngör. 2026. “Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 (2): 806-26. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1739077.

EndNote

Gündoğdu OS, Karaduman F, Güngör E (June 1, 2026) Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 2 806–826.

IEEE

[1]O. S. Gündoğdu, F. Karaduman, and E. Güngör, “Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi”, KFBD, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 806–826, June 2026, doi: 10.31466/kfbd.1739077.

ISNAD

Gündoğdu, Osman Salih - Karaduman, Fikret - Güngör, Elif. “Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16/2 (June 1, 2026): 806-826. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1739077.

JAMA

1.Gündoğdu OS, Karaduman F, Güngör E. Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi. KFBD. 2026;16:806–826.

MLA

Gündoğdu, Osman Salih, et al. “Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi”. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 806-2, doi:10.31466/kfbd.1739077.

Vancouver

1.Osman Salih Gündoğdu, Fikret Karaduman, Elif Güngör. Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi. KFBD. 2026 Jun. 1;16(2):806-2. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1739077

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Effect of Annealing Temperature on Indium-Doped ZnO Thin Films Emitting White Light

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Beyaz Işık Yayan İndiyum Katkılı ZnO İnce Filmlerde Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi

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