Hitler’in Yükselişinin Ardından İngiltere’nin Avrupa Uyumu Arayışları: Londra Deklarasyonu (03.02.1935) ve Berlin Müzakereleri (25/26.03.1935)

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 45, 840 - 862, 29.12.2023

İrşat Sarıalioğlu

Abstract

In this article, the London Declaration of 3 February 1935 and the Berlin negotiations which took place between 25-26 March 1935 are discussed within the framework of British foreign policy in the interwar period. The London Declaration, which emerged as a result of the negotiations between the representatives of England and France in London, and the negotiations between the British Foreign Minister John Simon and Hitler in Berlin; are the two interconnected steps of Britain's policy of returning Germany to Concert of Europe following its withdrawal from the League of Nations. Focusing on the reasons behind this policy, it was concluded that, in addition to the economic and political reasons, the change in the perception of security due to the progress in air weapon technology and the anxiety felt against the German air power were an important factor. Another result of the study is, after the failure of the London Declaration and the Berlin negotiations, the first sign of the appeasement policy came in sight. The study is mainly based on primary sources and benefited from Turkish Diplomatic Archive, British National Archive and German archive documents published in English.

Keywords

London Communiqué, Berlin Conversations, Hitler, John Simon, Interwar Period, Foreign Policy of England

Hitler’in Yükselişinin Ardından İngiltere’nin Avrupa Uyumu Arayışları: Londra Deklarasyonu (03.02.1935) ve Berlin Müzakereleri (25/26.03.1935)

Abstract

Bu makalede 3 Şubat 1935 tarihli Londra Deklarasyonu ve 25-26 Mart 1935 tarihleri arasında gerçekleşen Berlin müzakereleri İngiltere’nin iki savaş arası dönemdeki dış politikası çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Londra’da İngiltere ve Fransa temsilcileri arasında gerçekleşen görüşmeler neticesinde ortaya çıkan Londra Deklarasyonu ile Berlin’de İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanı John Simon ile Hitler arasında gerçekleşen müzakereler; İngiltere’nin, Milletler Cemiyeti’nden çekilmesinin ardından Almanya’yı Avrupa Uyumuna döndürme siyasetinin birbiriyle bağlantılı iki adımını oluşturmaktadır. İngiltere’nin bu siyasetinin ardında yatan sebeplere odaklanan çalışmada, ekonomik ve siyasal sebeplerin yanı sıra hava silah teknolojisindeki ilerleme ile güvenlik algısındaki değişimin ve Alman hava gücü karşısında hissedilen endişenin süreçte etkin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın vardığı bir diğer sonuç ise Londra Deklarasyonu ve Berlin müzakerelerinin başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmasının ardından yatıştırma politikasının ilk belirtisinin ortaya çıktığıdır. Temelde birincil kaynaklara dayanan çalışmada Türk Diplomatik Arşivi, İngiltere Ulusal Arşivi ve İngilizce olarak yayınlanmış Alman arşiv belgelerinden yararlanılmıştır.

Keywords

Londra Deklarasyonu, Berlin Müzakereleri, Hitler, John Simon, İki Savaş Arası Dönem, İngiltere Dış Politikası

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