Öğretimde bilimsel sorgulamaya yönelik öğretmen görüşleri ölçeğinin uyarlanması
Year 2022,
, 340 - 366, 02.12.2022
Burcu Şenler
,
Yasemin Ozdem Yilmaz
,
Ayse Oguz Unver
,
Nilay Muslu
,
Hasan Zühtü Okulu
,
Sertaç Arabacıoğlu
Abstract
Öğretimde bilimsel sorgulama, bilimsel okuryazarlığın temel bileşeni olarak fen bilimleri öğretim programlarında teşvik edilmekte ve birçok eğitim araştırmasında etkili bir öğretim yaklaşımı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin, bilimsel sorgulamaya ve bilimsel sorgulama yoluyla öğretim ve öğrenmeye yönelik görüşlerini belirlemek üzere geliştirilmiş olan bir ölçme aracının Türkçeye uyarlanması ve geçerliliğinin araştırılmasıdır. “Öğretimde Bilimsel Sorgulamaya Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri Ölçeği”, öğretmenlerin öğretimde bilimsel sorgulamaya yönelik görüşlerinin kapsamlı ve genellenebilir bir ölçme aracıyla belirlenmesini sağlayacaktır. Ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlaması için ölçek uyarlama çalışmalarında belirtilen temel ilkeler ve aşamalar dikkatle takip edilerek, öncelikle ölçeğin iki yönlü dil çevirisi yapılmış ve dil-kültür uygunluğu için uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Çevrilen ölçek anlaşılırlık için farklı uzmanlar tarafından okunmuş ve bu uzmanların geri bildirimleri doğrultusunda çeviriye son hali verilmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerlik araştırması için öncelikle ölçek hedeflenen gruba yani öğretmenlere uygulanmıştır. Farklı branşlarda görev yapmakta olan toplam 643 öğretmenden toplanan veriler önce madde analizi ile ardından yapı geçerliğini sağlamaya yönelik olan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliği için Cronbach’s Alpha değerleri hesaplanmıştır Buna göre, ölçek geçerlidir ve güvenilir sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Uyarlanan Öğretimde Bilimsel Sorgulamaya Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri Ölçeği’nin alana katkı sağlaması amacıyla araştırmacılar için ölçeğin uygulanması ve sonuçların yorumlanması ile ilgili bilgiler bu makalede sunulmaktadır. Ölçekle elde edilecek verilerin, öğretmenlere yönelik tasarlanacak öğretimde bilimsel sorgulamaya ilişkin mesleki gelişim programları için yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK 1001-Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Projelerini Destekleme Programı
Thanks
Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK 1001-Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Projelerini Destekleme Programı kapsamında desteklenen 220K080 proje numaralı ve “Hizmetiçi Öğretmen Eğitiminde Bilimsel Sorgulama Destekli Çevrimiçi Mentörlük (e-Scaffolding) Modelinin Tasarlanması ve Etkililiğinin Değerlendirilmesi” başlıklı proje çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
References
- Abdallah, I. I. (2003). Design and initial validatıon of an instrument for measuring teacher beliefs and experiences related to inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. The Ohio State University
- Abd‐El‐Khalick, F., Boujaoude, S., Duschl, R., Lederman, N. G., Mamlok‐Naaman, R., Hofstein, A., ... & Tuan, H. L. (2004). Inquiry in science education: International perspectives. Science education, 88(3), 397-419.
- Adler, I., Schwartz, L., Madjar, N., & Zion, M. (2018). Reading between the lines: The effect of contextual factors on student motivation throughout an open inquiry process. Science Education, 102(4), 820–855. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21445
- Akuma, F. V., & Callaghan, R. (2019). A systematic review characterizing and clarifying intrinsic teaching challenges linked to
inquiry-based practical work. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(5), 619–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21516
- Baykara, H., & Yakar, Z. (2020). Preservice science teachers’ views about scientific inquiry: the case of Turkey and Taiwan. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 11(2), 161-192.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
- Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. içinde K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds), Testing structural equation models (ss. 136-162). Sage Publications.
- Capps, D.K., & Crawford, B.A. (2013). Inquiry-based professional development: What does it take to support teachers in learning about inquiry and nature of science? International Journal of Science Education, 35(12), 1947-1978.
- Chi, S., Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2021). Moderating effects of teacher feedback on the associations among inquiry-based science practices and students’ science-related attitudes and beliefs. International Journal of Science Education, 1-31.
- Crawford, B. A. (2014). From inquiry to scientific practices in the science classroom. içinde Handbook of research on science education, volume II (ss. 529-556). Routledge.
- Crawford, B. A. (2007). Learning to teach science as inquiry in the rough and tumble of practice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(4), 613–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20157
- Çalık, M., Ebenezer, J., Özsevgeç, T., Küçük, Z., & Artun, H. (2015). Improving science student teachers’ self perceptions of fluency with innovative technologies and scientific inquiry abilities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(4), 448-460.
- Cigdemoglu, C., & Köseoğlu, F. (2019). Improving science teachers’ views about scientific inquiry. Science & Education, 28(3), 439-469.
- Dewey, J. (1910). Science as subject-matter and as method. Science, 31(787), 121-127.
- Deveci, İ. (2018). Türkiye’de 2013 ve 2018 yılı fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programlarının temel öğeler açısından karşılaştırılması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 799-825.
- Dindar, H., & Taneri, A. (2011). MEB’in 1968, 1992, 2000 ve 2004 yıllarında geliştirdiği fen programlarının amaç, kavram ve etkinlik yönünden karşılaştırılması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 19(2), 363-378.
- Dobber, M., Zwart, R., Tanis, M., & van Oers, B. (2017). Literature review: The role of the teacher in inquiry-based education. Educational Research Review, 22, 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.09.002
- Erkuş, A. (2012). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme. Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
- Flick, L. B., & Lederman, N. G. (2004). Scientific inquiry and nature of science. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit ındexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
- Hurley, A. E., Scandura, T. A., Schriesheim, C. A., Brannick, M. T., Seers, A., Vandenberg, R. J., & Williams, L. J. (1997). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Guidelines, issues, and alternatives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(6), 667–683.
- Kang, J. (2020). Interrelationship between inquiry-based learning and instructional quality in predicting science literacy. Research in Science Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09946-6
- Karışan, D., Bilican, K., & Şenler, B. (2017). Bilimsel sorgulama hakkında görüş anketi: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 326-343.
- Kızılaslan, A., Sözbilir, M., & Yaşar, M. D. (2012). Inquiry Based Teaching in Turkey: A Content Analysis of Research Reports. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 7(4), 599-617.
- Kim, M., & Tan, A. L. (2011). Rethinking difficulties of teaching inquiry‐based practical work: stories from elementary pre‐service teachers. International Journal of Science Education, 33(4), 465-486.
- Kline, R. B. (2016). Principle and practice of structural equation modelling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Koyunlu-Ünlü, Z. (2020). Improving pre-service teachers’ science process skills and views about scientific inquiry. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(3), 474-489.
- Lederman, J., Lederman, N., Bartels, S., Jimenez, J., Akubo, M., Aly, S., ... & Zhou, Q. (2019). An international collaborative investigation of beginning seventh grade students' understandings of scientific inquiry: Establishing a baseline. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(4), 486-515.
- Lederman, J. S., Lederman, N. G., Bartos, S. A., Bartels, S. L., Meyer, A. A., & Schwartz, R. S. (2014). Meaningful assessment of learners' understandings about scientific inquiry—The views about scientific inquiry (VASI) questionnaire. Journal of research in science teaching, 51(1), 65-83.
- McDonald, S., & Songer, N. B. (2008). Enacting classroom inquiry: Theorizing teachers’ conceptions of science teaching. Science Education, 92(6), 973–993. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20293
- Mesci, G., Çavuş-Güngören, S., & Yesildag-Hasancebi, F. (2020). Investigating the development of pre-service science teachers’ NOSI views and related teaching practices. International Journal of Science Education, 42(1), 50-69.
- Mesci, G., & Kartal, E. E. (2021). Science teachers’ views on nature of scientific inquiry. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 2021(1), 69-84.
- Mesci, G., Schwartz, R. S., & Pleasants, B. A. S. (2020). Enabling factors of preservice science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge for nature of Science and nature of scientific inquiry. Science & Education, 29, 263–297.
- National Academy of Science. (1995). National Science Education Standards. National Academy Press.
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Ozdem-Yilmaz, Y., & Bilican, K. (2020). Discovery Learning—Jerome Bruner. içinde B. Akpan & T. Kennedy (Eds.), Science Education in Theory and Practice (ss. 177-190). Springer, Cham.
- Özdem Yılmaz, Y., & Çavaş, B. (2016). Pedagogically desirable science education: Views on inquiry-based science education in Turkey. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(4), 506-522.
- Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Open University Press.
- Rennie, L.J., Goodrum, D. & Hackling, M. (2001). Science teaching and learning in Australian schools: results of a national study. Research in Science Education 31, 455–498. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013171905815
- Schwartz, R. S., Lederman, N., & Lederman, J., (2008, March). An instrument to assess views of scientific inquiry: The VOSI questionnaire. Paper presented at the international conference of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST). Baltimore, MD.
- Schwab, J. J. (1960). Inquiry, the science teacher, and the educator. The School Review, 68(2), 176-195.
- Sweller, J. (2021). Why ınquiry-based approaches harm students’ learning. The Center for Independent Studies, Analysis Paper 24. https://www.cis.org.au/app/uploads/2021/08/ap24.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
- Şenler, B. (2017). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fen öğretimine yönelik öz-yeterlik inançları ile bilimsel sorgulamaya ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 50-59.
- Ünal, S., Çoştu, B., & Karataş, F. Ö. (2004). Türkiye’de fen bilimleri eğitimi alanındaki program geliştirme çalışmalarına genel bir bakış. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 183-202.
The adaptation of the instrument for identifying teachers’ views related to scientific inquiry in science teaching
Year 2022,
, 340 - 366, 02.12.2022
Burcu Şenler
,
Yasemin Ozdem Yilmaz
,
Ayse Oguz Unver
,
Nilay Muslu
,
Hasan Zühtü Okulu
,
Sertaç Arabacıoğlu
Abstract
Scientific inquiry in teaching is encouraged in science curricula as a basic component of scientific literacy and is presented as an effective teaching approach in many educational research. The aim of this study is to adapt an instrument developed to determine teachers' views on scientific inquiry and teaching and learning through scientific inquiry into Turkish and to investigate its validity. The “Teacher's Views on Scientific Inquiry in Teaching Instrument” will enable the determination of teachers' views on scientific inquiry in teaching with a comprehensive and generalizable measurement tool. In order to adapt the instrument to Turkish, the basic principles and stages specified in the instrument adaptation studies were carefully followed, and first of all, two-way language translation of the instrument was made and expert opinion was obtained for language-culture compatibility. The translated instrument was read by different experts for clarity and the translation was finalized in line with the feedback of these experts. For the validity research of the instrument, the instrument was applied to the targeted group, namely the teachers. The data collected from a total of 643 in-service teachers were analyzed by item analysis and factor analysis method to ensure construct validity. For the reliability, Cronbach’s Alpha values were calculated. Accordingly, the instrument is valid and provides reliable results. In order to contribute to the field, information about the application of the instrument and the interpretation of the results for researchers are presented in this article. It is thought that the data to be obtained from the scale will be a guide for professional development programs related to scientific inquiry in teaching to be designed for teachers.
References
- Abdallah, I. I. (2003). Design and initial validatıon of an instrument for measuring teacher beliefs and experiences related to inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. The Ohio State University
- Abd‐El‐Khalick, F., Boujaoude, S., Duschl, R., Lederman, N. G., Mamlok‐Naaman, R., Hofstein, A., ... & Tuan, H. L. (2004). Inquiry in science education: International perspectives. Science education, 88(3), 397-419.
- Adler, I., Schwartz, L., Madjar, N., & Zion, M. (2018). Reading between the lines: The effect of contextual factors on student motivation throughout an open inquiry process. Science Education, 102(4), 820–855. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21445
- Akuma, F. V., & Callaghan, R. (2019). A systematic review characterizing and clarifying intrinsic teaching challenges linked to
inquiry-based practical work. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(5), 619–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21516
- Baykara, H., & Yakar, Z. (2020). Preservice science teachers’ views about scientific inquiry: the case of Turkey and Taiwan. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 11(2), 161-192.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
- Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. içinde K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds), Testing structural equation models (ss. 136-162). Sage Publications.
- Capps, D.K., & Crawford, B.A. (2013). Inquiry-based professional development: What does it take to support teachers in learning about inquiry and nature of science? International Journal of Science Education, 35(12), 1947-1978.
- Chi, S., Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2021). Moderating effects of teacher feedback on the associations among inquiry-based science practices and students’ science-related attitudes and beliefs. International Journal of Science Education, 1-31.
- Crawford, B. A. (2014). From inquiry to scientific practices in the science classroom. içinde Handbook of research on science education, volume II (ss. 529-556). Routledge.
- Crawford, B. A. (2007). Learning to teach science as inquiry in the rough and tumble of practice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(4), 613–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20157
- Çalık, M., Ebenezer, J., Özsevgeç, T., Küçük, Z., & Artun, H. (2015). Improving science student teachers’ self perceptions of fluency with innovative technologies and scientific inquiry abilities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(4), 448-460.
- Cigdemoglu, C., & Köseoğlu, F. (2019). Improving science teachers’ views about scientific inquiry. Science & Education, 28(3), 439-469.
- Dewey, J. (1910). Science as subject-matter and as method. Science, 31(787), 121-127.
- Deveci, İ. (2018). Türkiye’de 2013 ve 2018 yılı fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programlarının temel öğeler açısından karşılaştırılması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 799-825.
- Dindar, H., & Taneri, A. (2011). MEB’in 1968, 1992, 2000 ve 2004 yıllarında geliştirdiği fen programlarının amaç, kavram ve etkinlik yönünden karşılaştırılması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 19(2), 363-378.
- Dobber, M., Zwart, R., Tanis, M., & van Oers, B. (2017). Literature review: The role of the teacher in inquiry-based education. Educational Research Review, 22, 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.09.002
- Erkuş, A. (2012). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme. Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
- Flick, L. B., & Lederman, N. G. (2004). Scientific inquiry and nature of science. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit ındexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
- Hurley, A. E., Scandura, T. A., Schriesheim, C. A., Brannick, M. T., Seers, A., Vandenberg, R. J., & Williams, L. J. (1997). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Guidelines, issues, and alternatives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(6), 667–683.
- Kang, J. (2020). Interrelationship between inquiry-based learning and instructional quality in predicting science literacy. Research in Science Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09946-6
- Karışan, D., Bilican, K., & Şenler, B. (2017). Bilimsel sorgulama hakkında görüş anketi: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 326-343.
- Kızılaslan, A., Sözbilir, M., & Yaşar, M. D. (2012). Inquiry Based Teaching in Turkey: A Content Analysis of Research Reports. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 7(4), 599-617.
- Kim, M., & Tan, A. L. (2011). Rethinking difficulties of teaching inquiry‐based practical work: stories from elementary pre‐service teachers. International Journal of Science Education, 33(4), 465-486.
- Kline, R. B. (2016). Principle and practice of structural equation modelling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Koyunlu-Ünlü, Z. (2020). Improving pre-service teachers’ science process skills and views about scientific inquiry. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(3), 474-489.
- Lederman, J., Lederman, N., Bartels, S., Jimenez, J., Akubo, M., Aly, S., ... & Zhou, Q. (2019). An international collaborative investigation of beginning seventh grade students' understandings of scientific inquiry: Establishing a baseline. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(4), 486-515.
- Lederman, J. S., Lederman, N. G., Bartos, S. A., Bartels, S. L., Meyer, A. A., & Schwartz, R. S. (2014). Meaningful assessment of learners' understandings about scientific inquiry—The views about scientific inquiry (VASI) questionnaire. Journal of research in science teaching, 51(1), 65-83.
- McDonald, S., & Songer, N. B. (2008). Enacting classroom inquiry: Theorizing teachers’ conceptions of science teaching. Science Education, 92(6), 973–993. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20293
- Mesci, G., Çavuş-Güngören, S., & Yesildag-Hasancebi, F. (2020). Investigating the development of pre-service science teachers’ NOSI views and related teaching practices. International Journal of Science Education, 42(1), 50-69.
- Mesci, G., & Kartal, E. E. (2021). Science teachers’ views on nature of scientific inquiry. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 2021(1), 69-84.
- Mesci, G., Schwartz, R. S., & Pleasants, B. A. S. (2020). Enabling factors of preservice science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge for nature of Science and nature of scientific inquiry. Science & Education, 29, 263–297.
- National Academy of Science. (1995). National Science Education Standards. National Academy Press.
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Ozdem-Yilmaz, Y., & Bilican, K. (2020). Discovery Learning—Jerome Bruner. içinde B. Akpan & T. Kennedy (Eds.), Science Education in Theory and Practice (ss. 177-190). Springer, Cham.
- Özdem Yılmaz, Y., & Çavaş, B. (2016). Pedagogically desirable science education: Views on inquiry-based science education in Turkey. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(4), 506-522.
- Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Open University Press.
- Rennie, L.J., Goodrum, D. & Hackling, M. (2001). Science teaching and learning in Australian schools: results of a national study. Research in Science Education 31, 455–498. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013171905815
- Schwartz, R. S., Lederman, N., & Lederman, J., (2008, March). An instrument to assess views of scientific inquiry: The VOSI questionnaire. Paper presented at the international conference of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST). Baltimore, MD.
- Schwab, J. J. (1960). Inquiry, the science teacher, and the educator. The School Review, 68(2), 176-195.
- Sweller, J. (2021). Why ınquiry-based approaches harm students’ learning. The Center for Independent Studies, Analysis Paper 24. https://www.cis.org.au/app/uploads/2021/08/ap24.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
- Şenler, B. (2017). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fen öğretimine yönelik öz-yeterlik inançları ile bilimsel sorgulamaya ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 50-59.
- Ünal, S., Çoştu, B., & Karataş, F. Ö. (2004). Türkiye’de fen bilimleri eğitimi alanındaki program geliştirme çalışmalarına genel bir bakış. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 183-202.