Medya ve Kültür

General Rules

1. The languages ​​to be used in the articles and articles published in the journal are Turkish and English

2. If there is an institution that supports the study, (*) should be placed on the last word of the article title, and the supporting institution information should be stated as a footnote on the same page.

3. Submitted articles should be in the range of at least 6,000 and maximum 13,000 words, including references and appendices.

4. Articles should be arranged according to the APA reference system. Make sure that the references used in the texts are compatible with the bibliography information.

5. Quantitative and quantitative studies that require data collection from participants using questionnaire, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques, clinical studies on humans, research on animals, retrospective studies, experimental or scientific use of humans and animals research requires an ethics committee decision. In the applications of the studies requiring the decision of the ethics committee, the author / authors are required to submit the wet signed ethics committee decision while uploading their articles to the system. It should be stated that the study was prepared in accordance with the ethics committee decision, by adding a footnote with (*) to the end of the main title on the first page of the article, adding the NOT information to the end of the conclusion part of the article, and including the name of the board, date and issue number in the method section. For studies that include case reports, informed consent / consent form should be uploaded to the system with wet signature, by giving a footnote (*) to the end of the main title on the first page of the study, adding NOT to the end of the conclusion section of the article and the “Informed consent form” in the method section

6. It is necessary to obtain permission from the owners in using scales, questionnaires and photographs belonging to others and to include this information in the studies. It is required to pay attention to the compliance with copyright regulations in the use of intellectual and artistic works and to make the necessary references in the texts.

SPECIAL RULES

Page Layout: All pages are in A4 page layout, margins; It should be arranged as top 3 cm, bottom 3 cm, right 2 cm, left 2 cm.

Typeface: Times New Roman font should be used. Turkish “Özet” English “Abstract” sections should be 12 pt., Main text should be 12 pt., Bibliography should be 11 pt. text should be justified in both directions. The text should be written using single line spacing and paragraphs should start with 1 cm page indent.

Titles: The article should be organized in a way that consists of main headings and subheadings.

• Article Title: At the beginning of the first page, centered, first letters in capital, 12 pt, single line spacing, 30 pt before and 12 pt after, Turkish articles should be written under the Turkish title in English, for English articles in Turkish under the English title. .

• Sub-Headings: Headings created according to the content of the article should be prepared in 12 font size, bold and in Arabic numerals (1.- 1.1.-1.1.1… etc.). The main and sub-headings of the article should be written as 1., 2., 3., 6 pt before, 6 pt after, with the first letter characters in capital. Sub-headings to be listed under the main titles in the text, according to the sequence number of the main title they belong to, in the form of 1.1., 1.2…, 6 pt before, 6 pt after; at the third level, the first letter of each word used in the title should be capitalized and the other letters should be lowercase, such as 1.1.1., 1.1.2…, 6 pt first, 6 pt after.

Abstract, Keywords / Keywords: It is mandatory to include keywords in the article in accordance with the Turkish “Abstract”, English “Abstract” and the text content.

• Regardless of whether the language of the article is Turkish or English, it should have a Turkish “Abstract” section between 150-200 and an “Absract” section in English between 150-250 words. Abstract and abstract should be arranged in 12 font size and one paragraph. 3 or 5  keywords suitable for the article by creating the title “Keywords” just below the “Keywords” and “Abstract” just below the Abstract; 9 font size, the first letters of the keywords should be capitalized and the other letters should be lowercase.

Tables, Figures, Graphics and Pictures: If the tables, figures, graphics and pictures used in the text are not originally created by the author (s), they can be used in the text by indicating the source.

• Tables, Graphics and Pictures: Tables, graphics and pictures used in the text should be listed as Table 1:, Table 2: / Graphic 1:, Graphic 2: / Picturre 1:, Picture 2:.… etc, and titles should be written on the tables and graphics. The titles should be left justified and the first letter of the first word and proper names used in the title should be capitalized and the others should be lowercase, not exceeding the table / graphic boundary. The source of the tables and graphics should be specified by opening the title “Reference” just below the non-original tables and graphics.

• Figures: Figures  used in the text Figure 1:, Figure 2:.… etc. Titles should be listed under figures and pictures. Under the Figure, the titles should be centered and the first letter of the first word and proper names should be capitalized and the others should be small. The source of the figures and pictures should be specified by opening the title “Source” just below the non-original figures and pictures.

REFERENCES: Citations made in the article should be arranged in accordance with APA rules. Click here for the APA citation rules.

In-text citation:
Citation to single authored sources: (Neyzi, 2010, p. 47/pp. 12-15)
Citation to sources with two authors: (Adorno & Horkheimer, 2010, pp. 96/pp. 56-58)
Reference to sources with three authors: (Bourse, Yücel & Kırgezen, 2012, pp. 23/pp. 32-33)
Citation to sources with more than three authors: (Atilgan et al., 2015, pp. 42/pp. 52-55)
Secondary sources/Cited by: (Jung, 1990; cited by Wilson, 2000, pp. 85/pp. 63-65)

REFERENCES: The sources used in the article should be arranged in accordance with APA rules. For APA reference see: https://www.citefast.com/styleguide.php?style=APA&sec=form.

Single author book
Cevizci, A. (2015). Felsefe tarihi. (2.Baskı) İstanbul: Say Yayınları.

Book by two authors
Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (2010). Aydınlanmanın diyalektiği. (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık.

Edited book
Bennett, W.L. & Entman, R. M. (Eds.). (2005). Mediated politics communication in the future of democracy. (3th. Ed.). Cambridge: Cambiridge University Press.

Translation book
Strauss, L. C. (2016). Bakmak, dinlemek, okumak. (Albayrak, Ö. B. Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

Book section
Bayraktutan, G. (2015). İletişim araştırmalarında internet çalışmaları. Yıldırım, B. (Der.). İletişim Araştırmlarında Yöntemler Uygulama ve Örnekler. (ss. 431-463). Konya: Literatürk Academia

E-book
O’Keefe, E. (2006) Egoism and the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135

Print magazine
İlaslan, S. (2016). Popüler diziler bağlamında televizyonda tarih inşası ve politik tartışmalar. Kültür ve İletişim, 37, 3-21.

Electronic journal
Pekel Uludağlı, N. (2017). Psikolojik sağlık açısından yetişkin olma. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(3), 263-283. doi:10.18863/pgy.285949

Print newspaper
Türker, Y. (2003, 2 Şubat). Godot’nun 50.yılı. Radikal İki, s. 1-4.

Electronic newspaper
Greenwald G., Macaskill, E. & Poitras L., (2013, 9 Haziran), Edward Snowden: The whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations, The Guardian (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2020). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance

Thesis
Gençalp, H. (2011). Egemen ideolojinin yerleştirilmesinin bir aracı olarak sinema: Çocuk yıldızı filmlerinde egemen ideolojinin işleyişi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi. Konya, Türkiye.

Carmody, T. (2009). Margınal economies: Media circulation and the material culture of modernism. (Doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania University, ABD). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/304983769/98E8CE50A08C40F8PQ/1?accountid=13654.

Web page
Düşünbil Portalı. (2020, 7 Ekim). Gerçekleri önyargılarımızla nasıl uydururuz?. https://dusunbil.com/gercekleri-onyargilarimiza-nasil-uydururuz/ adresinden alındı.

Zizek, S. (2020, 28 Şubat). Zizek: Koronavirüsü, kapitalizme ‘Kill Bill-vari’ bir darbedir, komünizmin yeniden icat edilmesine yol açabilir. Terrabayt. https://terrabayt.com/covid19/zizek-koronavirusu-kapitalizme-kill-bill-vari-bir-darbedir-komunizmin-yeniden-icat-edilmesine-yol-acabilir/. adresinden erişildi.

Report
TÜSİAD. (2018). İletişimde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği rehberi. (TÜSİAD-T/2018,11-592). https://www.tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/9975-iletisimde-toplumsal-cinsiyet-esitligi-rehberi.

T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2018). On birinci kalkınma planı (2019-2023): Tarımda toprak ve suyun sürdürülebilir kullanımı özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu. (Yayın No: KB: 2984- ÖİK: 766). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Tar%C4%B1mda-Toprak-ve-Suyun-S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir-Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1-%C3%96zel-%C4%B0htisas-Komisyonu-Raporu.pdf.

İnstagram
Resimli Tarih [@resimlitarih]. (2021, 12 Ocak). Bozcaada, 1930’lar. [İnstagram fotoğraf]. https://www.instagram.com/p/CJ7cbSmgGYZ/ adresinden alındı.

Facebook
Özdemir, C. (2020, 13 Kasım). Koronavirüs aşısının fiyatı ne kadar olacak? Cüneyt Özdemir ile Gündem. [Facebook video]. https://www.facebook.com/1606049579443989/videos/732078787516342 adresinden erişildi.

National Geographic Türkiye. (2020, 6 Ocak). 500 milyon canlının hayatını kaybettiği Avustralya yangınının tepeden görünümü… [Facebook fotoğraf]. https://www.facebook.com/239527204487/photos/a.10158717426529488/10159412217744488/ adresinden alındı.

Twitter
Koca, F. [@drfahrettinkoca]. (2021, 26 Ocak). Tedbir ve kısıtlamalara uyumla vaka sayılarını önemli ölçüde düşürdük… [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/drfahrettinkoca/status/1354101665377484803 adresinden erişildi.

Youtube
Çavdar, A. & Kölemen, A. ( 2021, 6 Ocak). Şimdiki zaman: Elit kimdir, elitizm nedir, elit karşıtlığı ne işe yarar?. Medyascope. [Video dosyası]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbtDwEpSoi8 adresinden erişildi.

Photo/Picture
Ingres, J. A. D. (1814). Grande Odalisque. [Resim]. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/articles/10-artworks-by-jean-auguste-dominique-ingres-you-should-know/ adresinden erişildi.

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The publication policy of the Media and Culture is based on the improvement and dissemination of information in an impartial and respectful manner. The processes applied in line with this policy directly affect the quality of the studies submitted by authors and affiliated institutions. Peer-reviewed studies support and materialize the scientific method. Therefore, all the parties taking part in the process (authors, readers, researchers, publishers, reviewers, editors) should comply with the ethical principles.

Media and Culture expects all its parties to take on the following ethical responsibilities as part of the publication ethics.

The ethical duties and responsibilities listed below are based on the guidelines and policies published as open access by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal is essential for the development of a coherent and respected knowledge network. Peer-reviewed articles support and develop scientific methods. Therefore, it is important for all relevant parties involved in the publishing process, including authors, journal editors, reviewers, and publishing agencies, to agree on the expected ethical behaviors and standards.

1. Authorship of the Paper:
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the paper and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

2. Conflicts of Interest:
Authors: All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
Reviewers: Referees should inform the journal editor about the evaluation process if they suspect any conflict of interest in the article they are evaluating, and refuse article evaluation if necessary. In order to prevent conflict of interest, people in the institutions where the article authors are working cannot referee the article.
Editors: Editors should not have personal or financial conflicts of interest with articles.

3. Data Access and Retention:
Authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

4. Data Fabrication and Falsification:
Fabrication and/or falsified experimental results, including the manipulation of images.

5. Duplicate / Multiple Submission(s):
Manuscripts that are either found to have been submitted elsewhere or published elsewhere. If authors have used their own work, either previously submitted or published, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they are required to cite the previous work. They also need to indicate how novel contributions are offered in their submitted manuscript, over and above those of the previous work.

6. Intellectual Property
• Authors certify that their submitted manuscript (and any supporting items) are their own intellectual property and the copyright has not been transferred to others.
• Authors certify that the manuscript contains no plagiarism, no fabrication, no falsification, no manipulated citations and that the manuscript conforms to JSS authorship policies.
• All manuscripts, revisions, drafts, and galleys remain the intellectual property of the author(s). Except as stated in the agreed license, the author(s) retain the copyright to their work.
• All review comments and reports remain the intellectual property of the reviewer or editor. Except as stated in the agreed license, the author(s) retain the copyright to their work.
• Authors, reviewers, and editors agree to keep all communications, comments, or reports from reviewers or editors confidential.
• Reviewers and editors agree to keep all manuscripts, revisions, and drafts confidential, with the exception of the final published galley(s).

7. Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
• Editors may make corrections if they detect minor errors in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations, or results.
• Editors may retract the article in case of major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and results.
• Editors may issue a statement of concern if there is a possibility of abusive research or publication by the authors, if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident, or if the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. COPE and ICJME guidelines are taken into account with regard to the correction, retraction, and expression of concern.

8. Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
Aiming to establish ethical assurance in scientific periodicals, Media and Culture journal adopts the principles of the "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and the "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). In this scope, the following aspects should be adhered in the studies submitted to the journal:
• Ethics committee approval should be obtained for research conducted in all the disciplines that require ethics committee approval, and this approval should be stated and documented in the article.
• In studies that require ethics committee approval, information about the approval (committee name, date and issue number) may be included in the method section of the study. However, in case reports, information about the informed consent and the signed consent form should be included in the Article Information Form at the end of the article.

The studies that require ethics committee approval are as follows:
• All kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants through surveys, interviews, focus group works, observations, experiments and other interview techniques.
• Use of humans and animals (including material/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,
• Clinical studies conducted on humans,
• Studies conducted on animals,
• Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data,
Also;
• A statement confirming that an "informed consent form" has been received in case reports,
• Obtaining permission from the owners for the use of scales, surveys or photographs belonging to others,
• A statement confirming that copyright regulations are met for the intellectual and artistic works used.

9. Policy of Publishing Additional or Special Issues
A special issue can be published in our journal once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. The publication processes of the articles sent to be included in the special issue are the same as the standard processes.
1. Additional or Special issue: An issue published in addition to the regular issues of a periodically published journal. It may consist of conference papers or a series of articles focusing on a specific topic.
2. Page numbering in the additional or special issue is different from the regular issues.
3. The print run of the additional or special issue cannot be more than one third of the regular issue. The special issues containing conference paper abstracts are not included in this scope.
4. Ratios of case reports, compilations and research articles (excluding conference paper abstracts) published in the additional or special issue will be included in the ratios of articles published in other issues.
5. The issues published as a tribute are not accepted as an additional or special issue. Their page numbering and organization are the same as the regular issues.

10. Plagiarism Action Plan and Measures of the Journal
The journal respects intellectual property rights and aims to protect and promote the original work of its authors. Having plagiarized content in articles do violate the research and originality standards. Therefore, all the authors submitting articles to the journal are expected to comply with the ethical standards and avoid all forms of plagiarism. If a submitted or published article is suspected of containing plagiarism, the Publication Board of the journal first examines the work. Then the work is reviewed by the Editorial Board. Afterwards, the journal contacts the author(s) and asks them to submit their justifications within 15 days. If the journal does not receive any response from the author(s) within the specified time, it would contact the affiliated university and request the investigation of the claim.
The journal will take the following serious measures for published articles that are found to contain plagiarism:
• The journal will immediately contact the university to which the author(s) are affiliated, in order to take final action against the related author.
• The journal will remove the PDF copy of the published article from the website, will remove the published article from the issue file, and will disable all links to the published article. The phrase "Plagiarized Article" will be added to the title of the published article.
• The journal will disable the author's account and reject all future submissions by the author for the following 2 years.
Note: If readers notice an error or inaccuracy in a published article, they can file a complaint by sending an e-mail to medyavekultur@gmail.com

The author should submit a similarity report for new studies submitted to the journal. Pre-reviewed articles may again be subjected to plagiarism checking in any software.
If plagiarism/self-plagiarism is detected, the authors are informed. An article with a high overall similarity rate (maximum 20%) or with more than 3% similarity rate from a single source may be rejected or sent back to the author to reduce the similarity rate.

Actions that violate scientific research and publication ethics are as follows:
(Turkish Council of Higher Education [YÖK] Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive, Article 4)
https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Kurumsal/mevzuat/bilimsel-arastirma-ve-etik-yonetmeligi.aspx
Plagiarism: Showing others' original ideas, methods, data or works as their own work, partially or completely, without reference to scientific rules,
Forgery: Using data that does not actually exist or has been falsified in scientific research,
Distortion: Falsifying the research records or data obtained, displaying the equipment or materials not used in the research as if used, distorting or shaping the results of the research in the interests of the people and organizations that provide support,
Republishing: Presenting repetitive publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into pieces in an improper way or in a way that disrupts the integrity of the research and publishing each one separately to increase total publication count for academic appointments and promotions,
Unfair Authorship: Including non-contributors in the author list or not including those who have contributed, changing the author's order in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of contributors from the work in subsequent editions, using influence to include names among the authors despite not being contributors,

Other ethical violations include:
a) Not specifying the supporting individuals, institutions or organizations and their contributions in the publications made as a result of research conducted with support.
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or have not been accepted as a source without the permission of the owner,
c) Not complying with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, not respecting patients' rights in publications,
ç) Violating the provisions of the relevant legislation in biomedical research and other clinical research related to humans,
d) Sharing the information in a work that has been assigned for review with others before it is published without the explicit consent of the author,
e) Misusing resources, spaces, facilities and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research,
f) Deliberately making a false and ungrounded allegation about ethical violation,
g) Publishing the data obtained from surveys conducted as part of a scientific study without the explicit consent of the participants, or without the permission of the relevant institution if the study is conducted in an institution,
h) Harming animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
ı) Failing to obtain written permissions from authorities that are required for starting research activities or experiments,
i) Conducting research activities or experiments in violation of the related legislation or the provisions on research and experiments in the international conventions to which Turkey is a party,
j) Disregarding the obligation to inform and warn the relevant authorities about possible harmful practices related to the scientific research.
k) Not using the data and information obtained from other individuals or institutions in scientific studies to the extent and as permitted, not respecting the confidentiality of this information and not ensuring its protection,
l) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions.

• Studies must be original and based on research.
• It must be ensured that all the persons mentioned as authors/co-authors have contributed to the article. It is against scientific ethics to show persons who have not made any academic contribution as additional authors or to rank the authors by non-scientific criteria such as title, age and gender, regardless of the order of contribution.
• In the articles with multiple authors, it should be clearly stated to what extent the authors have contributed to which stage of the article.
• The article should not be sent to different journals at the same time and should not have been sent to another journal before. If it is found to have been sent to another journal, the publication process will be cancelled.
• It is assumed that the authors who submit articles to the journal have read and accepted the publication and writing principles of the journal, and the authors are deemed to have committed to these principles.
• The citations and bibliography should be complete.
• Plagiarism and fake data should be avoided.
• The similarity rate obtained as a result of the similarity checks should not exceed 20% in order to initiate the peer review process.
• An article may be included in a maximum of 2 PRE-REVIEW processes. The article will be rejected if the feedback conveyed to the author is not revised.

•Authors should not resubmit the same studies previously rejected in our journal. In such a case, the studies will be rejected.

• The corresponding author must inform the journal editor in case of any conflict of interest.
In this scope, WAME can be referred:
https://www.wame.org/conflict-of-interest-in-peer-reviewed-medical-journals 

• Peer reviewers should be aware that they play a critical role in the academic quality of the article to be published in the journal, and they should engage in the peer review process with the responsibility of improving academic quality.
• Peer reviewers should only accept to review articles for which they have the expertise to make an appropriate assessment. They should also respect the confidentiality of the blind peer review process and keep the details of the article confidential at all costs.
• After the review process, any information about the reviewed article should not be shared with others under any circumstances.
• Peer reviewers should only evaluate the accuracy of the content of the articles and their compliance with academic criteria. Any difference of opinions between the article's argument and the peer reviewer should not affect the review process.
• Peer review reports should be objective and measurable. Libelous, derogatory or accusatory expressions should definitely be avoided.
• Peer reviewers should avoid superficial or inaccurate statements in their peer review reports. In reviews with negative results, a complete justification should be presented on the aspects that led to the negative result.
• Peer reviewers should review the articles within the time period allotted to them. If they are not going to review the article, they should notify the journal within a reasonable time.

• Editors should accept articles that will contribute to the relevant areas specified in the journal policy.
• Editors should not have any conflict of interest with accepted or rejected articles.
• Editors have full responsibility and authority to accept or reject an article.
• It is editors' responsibility to keep the names of peer reviewers and authors mutually confidential.
• Only the articles that will contribute to the relevant field should be accepted.
• If an error is detected, editors should support the correction or retraction of the error.
• It is the duty of editors to complete the pre-review, peer review, editing and publishing processes of the articles submitted to the journal in a timely and appropriate manner.
• Editors should not assign people who do not contribute to the journal as editorial board members or associate editors.

Price Policy
• Media and Culture does not request any fees for article submission, reviewing and editing processes, page-layout and publication (page or color fees).
• Media and Culture does not pay any fees to authors, reviewers, editors and editorial board members.
• All papers on Media and Culture are free to read and download.
• Media and Culture sign on to the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), which promotes free access to research literature, and has adopted the Open Access Principles that clarified in this initiative.
• All papers on Media and Culture are archived with LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) system through TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM DergiPark.
• Media and Culture does not accept announcements, advertisements, sponsorships, etc. due to its publication policy.

• Media and Culture is an open-access journal which does not request any subscription fees.

• We do not offer a reprint service for those requiring professional quality reproductions of papers

* All expenses of the Media and Culture journal are covered by Sakarya University.                                                                                                         

The average time during which the preliminary assessment of manuscripts is conducted: 3
The average time during which the reviews of manuscripts are conducted: 60
The average time in which the article is published: 90

All expenses of the Media and Culture journal are covered by Sakarya University. • Media and Culture does not request any fees for article submission, reviewing and editing processes, page-layout and publication (page or color fees). • Media and Culture does not pay any fees to authors, reviewers, editors and editorial board members. • All papers on Media and Culture are free to read and download. • Media and Culture sign on to the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), which promotes free access to research literature, and has adopted the Open Access Principles that clarified in this initiative. • All papers on Media and Culture are archived with LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) system through TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM DergiPark. • Media and Culture does not accept announcements, advertisements, sponsorships, etc. due to its publication policy. • Media and Culture is an open-access journal which does not request any subscription fees. • We do not offer a reprint service for those requiring professional quality reproductions of papers * All expenses of the Media and Culture journal are covered by Sakarya University.