Katalan Atlası’nın Yazıları

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 791 - 883, 26.12.2025

Muhammed Ali Budak

https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1731666

Abstract

Katalan Atlası (Atles Catala) 1375 civarı hâlihazırda tanınan bir harita çizimcisi olan Abraham Cresques ve oğlunun öncülük ettiği bir ekip tarafından Mayorka’da yapılmış bir dünya haritasıdır (mappamundi). Müstakbel Aragon Kralı I. Juan tarafından Abraham Cresques’ye ısmarlanan harita 1381 tarihinde Aragon Kralı IV. Pedro tarafından Fransa Kralı VI. Charles’a hediye edilmiştir ve günümüzde Fransız Milli Kütüphanesi’nde (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) bulunmaktadır. Toplamda altı adet panelden oluşan harita kozmolojik, astronomik, astrolojik ve meteorolojik bilgilerin verildiği bir giriş kısmından (ilk iki panel) sonra başlamaktadır ve toplamda dört paneli kaplamaktadır. Bu levhalar ortadan ikiye katlandığı için artık ikiye ayrılmış durumdadırlar. Haritada Avrupa’nın tamamı, Asya’nın neredeyse tamamı (kuzey bölgeleri hariç) ve Afrika’nın da ana olarak kuzey bölgeleri gösterilmektedir. Çeşitli ve çoğunlukla dönem için önemli olan hükümdarlar, kişiler, şehirler, bayraklar vs. küçük temsiller aracılığıyla harita üzerinde resmedilmiştir. Atlas’ın bir diğer özelliği ve bu çalışmanın ana konusu ise harita üzerine yerleştirilmiş küçük bilgi yazılarıdır. Tarihi, siyasi, coğrafi, efsanevi ve dini konularda açıklamalar yapan bu yazılar başta Marco Polo ve Plinius olmak üzere çok çeşitli kaynaklardan derlenerek alınmıştır. Bunun yanında Sina Dağı, Musa, Deccal, Gog ve Magog (Ye’cüc ve Me’cüc) gibi Musevilik ve Hristiyanlık için belirli bir öneme haiz olan motiflere de hem resim hem de yazılarla haritada yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Atlas üzerinde bulunan ve açıklamalar yaparken bilgi de veren kısa yazıların Türkçeleri verilmiş ve bu yazılar kısmi bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Keywords

Ortaçağ , Dünya Haritası , Katalan Atlası , Abraham Cresques

Texts of the Catalan Atlas

Abstract

The Catalan Atlas is a world map produced in Majorca around 1375 by a team led by Abraham Cresques, already a famous cartographer. Commissioned by the future King Juan I of Aragon, the map was presented in 1381 by King Pedro IV of Aragon to King Charles VI of France and is currently housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The map consists of six panels, beginning with an introductory section that provides cosmological, astronomical, astrological, and meteorological information in the first two panels, followed by the cartographic depiction occupying the remaining four panels. The map shows all of Europe, almost all of Asia and mainly the northern regions of Africa. Numerous rulers, figures, cities, and flags of contemporary significance are depicted on the map through small illustrative representations. Another feature of the Atlas and the main subject of this study is the small information texts placed on the map. These texts, which provide explanations on historical, political, geographical, legendary and religious subjects, are compiled and taken from a wide variety of sources, including Marco Polo and Pliny. In addition, motifs of particular importance for Judaism and Christianity such as Mount Sinai, Moses, Antichrist, Gog and Magog are also included on the map with both pictures and texts. This study presents Turkish translations of the short explanatory texts found on the Atlas and offers a partial analytical evaluation of their content.

Keywords

Medieval , Mappaemundi , Catalan Atlas , Abraham Cresques

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