Etkileşimli Kitap Okuma: Dil ve Erken Okuryazarlık Becerilerinin Geliştirilmesinde Etkili Bir Yöntem

Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 02, 193 - 206, 05.08.2016

Cevriye Ergül , Ayşe Dolunay Sarıca , Gözde Akoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.246307

Cited By: 29

Abstract

Erken
okuryazarlık, çocukların okul öncesi dönemde okuma ve yazmaya ilişkin kazanmaları
gereken önkoşul bilgi, beceri ve tutumları içermektedir. Yapılan birçok
çalışmada erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin gelecekteki okuma yazma ve akademik
becerileri güçlü bir şekilde yordadığı gösterilmiştir. Araştırmalardan elde
edilen sonuçlar kısa ve uzun dönemde okul başarısı üzerinde etkili olduğu
gözlenen erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin, okul öncesi dönemde desteklenmesi
gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yetişkinlerin ev ve okul ortamlarında
çocuklarla gerçekleştirdikleri birlikte kitap okuma etkinlikleri de, erken
okuryazarlık becerilerinin desteklenmesinde en sık kullanılan müdahale
yöntemlerinden birisidir. Alanyazında, yetişkinin çocuğa yönelik öğretici davranışlarını
içeren kitap okuma etkinliklerinin, çocukların dil gelişimleri üzerinde etkili
olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu bağlamda geliştirilen ve yetişkin ile çocuk arasında
etkin bir iletişimi temel alan Etkileşimli Kitap Okuma (EKO) uygulamaları ise
yetişkinin okuma sırasında aktif dinleyici konumunda olması, çocuğa öykü ile
ilgili sorular yönelterek konuşma fırsatları sağlaması, bilinmeyen sözcükleri
tanımlaması ve çocuktan gelen yanıtları tekrarlayarak genişletmeler yapması
bakımından geleneksel uygulamalardan farklılaşmaktadır. Çok sayıda çalışmada EKO’nun çocukların dil, erken okuryazarlık
becerileri ve okumaya yönelik tutumları üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin olduğu ve
gelişen bu becerilerin akademik başarıya önemli katkılarının olduğu
gösterilmiştir. Bu noktadan
hareketle bu yazıda, EKO yöntemi ele alınmış ve uygulama adımlarına ilişkin
bilgi verilmiştir.

Keywords

Erken okuryazarlık, okul öncesi dönem, etkileşimli kitap okuma

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