Tiyatro ve psikolojik gerçekçilik: “Kafana Tiyatro” (In-Yer-Head Theatre)

Year 2021, Issue: Ö9, 246 - 260, 21.08.2021

Gamze Şentürk

https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.983506

Abstract

Küçücük bir beden içine hapsolan insan için, yaşadığı dünya bir yandan sürprizlere gebe hoş bir yer bir yandan da içinde gizem ve korku yüklü büyük, tehlikeli ve kaotik bir yerdir. İçinde paradokslar barındıran dünyada yaşam serüvenine başlayan insanın hayatını devam ettirmesi hiç de kolay değildir. İnsan hem dünyadaki her türlü dış etmene hem de bu dış etmenlerin iç dünyasında yarattığı psikolojik faktörlere karşı mücadele etmek zorunda bırakılmıştır. İnsan için yaşam dış dünya ve iç dünya arasında denge kurmakla rayında devam edebilir gibi görünmekte iken her insanın kişisel özelliklerinin farklı olması nedeniyle durum karmaşık bir hal almaktadır. Bu noktada dış dünyadan gelen her türlü tehlikeye karşı insanın yapması gereken ise hem beden sağlığını hem de ruh sağlığını korumaktır. Bu korunmayı sağlayan insan için hayat serüveni biraz daha seyrinde devam edecekken aynı korunmayı sağlayamayan veya dış dünyadan gelen tehlikelere karşı kendini koruyamayacak kadar güçsüz kalanlar için hayat daha da zorlaşmaktadır. Dış bir gerçekliğe sahip insanın tüm yaşananlar karşısında ürettiği iç gerçekliği de edebiyatın ve tiyatronun temel konularından biridir. Bu noktada tiyatroda travma, melankoli, histeri ve nostalji gibi insanın iç gerçekliği veya bilinçdışı ile ilintili tatsız anlatılar üretilmiştir ve üretilmeye de devam etmektedir. Sorbonne Üniversitesi öğretim üyelerinden Solange Ayache, 2017’de yaptığı “‘In-Yer-Head’ Theatre: Staging the Mind in Contemporary British Drama Towards a Quantum Psychopoetics of the Stage” başlıklı doktora tez çalışmasında 2000’li yıllarda İngiliz tiyatrosunda ön plana çıkan bu tatsız anlatıları, Aleks Sierz’in ‘Suratına Tiyatro’ (In-Yer-Face Theatre) kavramına gönderme yaparak ‘Kafana Tiyatro’ (In-Yer-Head Theatre) veya “Akıl Uzamı Tiyatrosu’ (Theatre of Mental Space) örnekleri olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, psikolojik gerçekçilik ve travma konularını merkeze koyarak ‘Kafana Tiyatro’ kavramını açıklamayı ve İngiliz tiyatrosunun deneysel ve yenilikçi oyun yazarlarından Sarah Kane (1971-1999), Sarah Daniels (1956-) ve Anthony Neilson’dan (1967-) seçilmiş örnek oyunlar üzerinden travma temelli tatsız anlatıları örneklendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Tiyatro, Psikolojik Gerçeklik, Kafana Tiyatro, Travma

Theatre and psychological realism: “In-Yer-Head Theatre”

Abstract

For human trapped in a tiny body, on the one hand the world s/he lives in is a pleasant place with surprises, but on the other hand it is a big, dangerous and chaotic place full of mystery and fear. It is not easy for person who has started his/her life adventure in the world with paradoxes to continue his/her life. S/he has been forced to struggle against both all kinds of external factors in the world and the psychological factors created by these external factors in his/her inner world. While life seems to be able to continue on its way by establishing a balance between the outer world and the inner world, the situation becomes complicated because the personal characteristics of each person are different. At this point, what one should do against all kinds of dangers from the outside world is to protect both his/her physical and mental health. While the adventure of life will continue for the person who provides this protection, the life becomes more difficult for those who cannot provide the same protection or who are too weak to protect themselves against the dangers from the outside world. The inner reality that a person with an external reality produces in the face of all experiences is one of the main subjects of literature and theatre. At this point, unpleasant narratives related to the inner reality or unconscious of the human being such as trauma, melancholy, hysteria and nostalgia have been produced and continue to be produced. Solange Ayache, Sorbonne University faculty member, in her doctoral thesis titled “‘In-Yer-Head’ Theatre: Staging the Mind in Contemporary British Drama Towards a Quantum Psychopoetics of the Stage” (2017), defines these unpleasant narratives which became prominent in British theatre in the 2000s as ‘In-Yer-Head Theatre’ or ‘Theatre of Mental Space’, referring to Aleks Sierz’s concept of ‘In-Yer-Face Theatre’. This study aims to explain the concept of ‘In-Yer-Head Theatre’ by putting psychological reality and trauma in the center, and to exemplify unpleasant trauma-based narratives through plays chosen from experimental and innovative playwrights of British theatre such as Sarah Kane (1971-1999), Sarah Daniels (1956-), and Anthony Neilson (1967-).

Keywords

Theatre, Psychological Realism, In-Yer-Head Theatre, Trauma

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