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Öksüzlüğümüz adlı romana yeni tarihselci bir yaklaşım: Hafızanın gerçekliğe karşı temsili

Year 2021, Issue: 24, 1150 - 1159, 21.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.997581

Abstract

1980'lerde çağdaş bir edebi yaklaşım biçimi olarak ortaya çıkan Yeni Tarihselcilik kuramı bir metni sadece tarihi bağlamda değil, aynı zamanda sosyo-kültürel bağlamı da göz önüne alıp bir metni analiz eder. Bu sebeple, Yeni Tarihselcilik, metin ile metnin yazıldığı dönem arasındaki bağlantıları ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan bir yaklaşım olarak varlığını korumaktadır, böylece bir metinde gizlenmiş olan o döneme ait sosyo-kültürel gerçekleri ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlar. Bunun dışında, Yeni Tarihselcilik bir metnin farklı açılardan incelenmesi için zemin hazırlar. Bunlardan biri, tarihin nasıl yansıtıldığına meydan okuyarak karşılaştırma ve/veya karşıtlık yoluyla tarihin nasıl özel/kişisel tarihler olarak yansıtıldığını yorumlamasıdır. Tek bir bakış açısıyla yorumlanan tek bir tarihin değil, farklı bakış açılarıyla birçok tarihin olduğunu vurgulayarak, Yeni Tarihselcilik, anlatıcıdan yola çıkarak tarihin güvenilmezliğine dikkat çeker. Çağdaş bir yazar olarak Kazuo Ishiguro, romanlarında anılarından beslenen bir anlatıcının güvenilmezliğini ortaya çıkarmaya odaklanan bir yazar olarak kendisini götermektedir. Tüm bunları göz önünde bulundurarak, bu makale öznel ve güvenilmez tarih anlayışının geleneksel tarihle nasıl iç içe geçtiğini ortaya sermek için Kazuo Ishiguro'nun Öksüzlüğümüz (2000) adlı eserini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Böylece, bir geleneksel tarihin zaman ve hafızaya dayalı olarak bir deneyimciden diğerine nasıl farklılaştığını ve tarihin geleneksel tarihte olduğundan tamamen farklı bir kişisel tarihe nasıl tarihselleştirildiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Balkaya, M., A. (2015). Representation of Memory and Nostalgia: Kazuo Ishiguro’s When We Were Orphans, International Journal of Language Academy, 3(3), 250–269.
  • Birch, D. (2009). Oxford Companion to English Literature. Oxford University Press.
  • Bressler, C. E. (2002). Literary Criticism An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Pearson Longman.
  • Finney, B. (2006). English Fiction Since 1984: Narrating a Nation. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Christensen, T. (2007). Kazuo Ishiguro and orphanhood. The AnaChronisT, 202+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A225938530/AONE?u=anon~8bfaa0b5&sid=googleScholar&xid=0f88f1a3
  • Delamater, Jerome H., and Ruth Prigozy (1997). Theory and Practice Classic Detective Fiction. Greenwood Press.
  • Dylan Otto Krider, & Ishiguro, K. (1998). Rooted in a Small Space: An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro. The Kenyon Review, 20(2), 146-154. Retrieved August 14, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4337714
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The Archeology of Knowledge. Routledge.
  • Greenblatt, Stephen (1990). “Towards a Poetics of Culture.” In H. Aram Veeser (Ed.) The New Historicism (pp. 1-6). Routledge.
  • Hutcheon, Linda (2010). A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. Routledge.
  • Ishiguro, K., & Kenzaburo, Oe. (1991). The Novelist in Today's World: A Conversation. Boundary 2, 18(3), 58, 109-122. doi:10.2307/303205
  • Ishiguro, Kazuo (2000). When We Were Orphans. Vintage International, Vintage Books.
  • Ishiguro, Kazuo (2008). Conversations With Kazuo Ishiguro. (Brian W. Shaffer, & Cynthia F. Wong, Eds.). Univ. Press of Mississippi.
  • Jenkins, Keith. (2015). Rethinking History. Routledge.
  • Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.). (2015). A Dictionary of World History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • King, R. (2012). “But Perhaps I Did Not Understand Enough”: Kazuo Ishiguro and Dreams of Republican Shangai. In King, R., Poulton, C., Endo, K (Eds.), Sino-Japanese Transculturation: From the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of the Pacific War (pp. 261–274). Lexington Books.
  • Mark, C.-K. (2017). The Everyday Cold War: Britain and China, 1950-1972. Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Munslow, A. (1997). Deconstructing History. Routledge.
  • Montrose, Louis A. (1989) “Professing the Renaissance: The Poetics and Politics of Culture.” In H. Aram Veeser (Ed.), The New Historicism (pp. 15-36). Routledge.
  • Murray, D. Brendan, holland Alisha C. & Kensinger Elizabeth A. (2013). Episodic Memory and Emotion. In Robinson, M. D., Watkins, E. R., & Harmon-Jones, E. (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 156–175). Guilford Press.
  • Teo, Yugin (2014). Kazuo Ishiguro and Memory. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • The Nobel Prize in Literature. (2017). Kazuo Ishiguro. Retrieved January, 2020, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2017/ishiguro/facts/
  • Trocki, Carl A. (1999). Opium, Empire, and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade 1750-1950. Routledge.

A new historicist approach to When We Were Orphans: The representation of memory vs reality

Year 2021, Issue: 24, 1150 - 1159, 21.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.997581

Abstract

Emerged as a contemporary form of literary theory in 1980s, New Historicism aims to analyse a text considering not only historical but also socio-cultural contexts as essential background to a literary text. Therefore, New Historicism keeps its own as an approach that aims to reveal the connections between the text and the time it was written, thus to reveal socio-cultural facts of that particular time hidden in a text. Apart from this, New Historicism also functions to lay ground for different analyses of a text from different aspects. One of these functions stands as the interpretation of historical facts by challenging the way how history is evaluated through comparison and/or contrast of how it is reflected as private/personal histories. Stressing on the point that there is not one single history that is interpreted by one single point of view, New Historicism takes attention to unreliability of the history based on the narrator. As a contemporary writer, Kazuo Ishiguro reveals himself as one who focuses on the unreliability of a narrator who feeds on his memories in his novels. Considering all these, this paper aims to analyse Kazuo Ishiguro’s When We Were Orphans (2000) to depict how the subjective and unreliable understanding of the history is intermingled with the public history. Thus, it aims to depict how a public history differs from one to another experiencer based on time and memory, and how history is historicised into a personal history differing completely from what it remains in the public history.

References

  • Balkaya, M., A. (2015). Representation of Memory and Nostalgia: Kazuo Ishiguro’s When We Were Orphans, International Journal of Language Academy, 3(3), 250–269.
  • Birch, D. (2009). Oxford Companion to English Literature. Oxford University Press.
  • Bressler, C. E. (2002). Literary Criticism An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Pearson Longman.
  • Finney, B. (2006). English Fiction Since 1984: Narrating a Nation. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Christensen, T. (2007). Kazuo Ishiguro and orphanhood. The AnaChronisT, 202+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A225938530/AONE?u=anon~8bfaa0b5&sid=googleScholar&xid=0f88f1a3
  • Delamater, Jerome H., and Ruth Prigozy (1997). Theory and Practice Classic Detective Fiction. Greenwood Press.
  • Dylan Otto Krider, & Ishiguro, K. (1998). Rooted in a Small Space: An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro. The Kenyon Review, 20(2), 146-154. Retrieved August 14, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4337714
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The Archeology of Knowledge. Routledge.
  • Greenblatt, Stephen (1990). “Towards a Poetics of Culture.” In H. Aram Veeser (Ed.) The New Historicism (pp. 1-6). Routledge.
  • Hutcheon, Linda (2010). A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. Routledge.
  • Ishiguro, K., & Kenzaburo, Oe. (1991). The Novelist in Today's World: A Conversation. Boundary 2, 18(3), 58, 109-122. doi:10.2307/303205
  • Ishiguro, Kazuo (2000). When We Were Orphans. Vintage International, Vintage Books.
  • Ishiguro, Kazuo (2008). Conversations With Kazuo Ishiguro. (Brian W. Shaffer, & Cynthia F. Wong, Eds.). Univ. Press of Mississippi.
  • Jenkins, Keith. (2015). Rethinking History. Routledge.
  • Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.). (2015). A Dictionary of World History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • King, R. (2012). “But Perhaps I Did Not Understand Enough”: Kazuo Ishiguro and Dreams of Republican Shangai. In King, R., Poulton, C., Endo, K (Eds.), Sino-Japanese Transculturation: From the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of the Pacific War (pp. 261–274). Lexington Books.
  • Mark, C.-K. (2017). The Everyday Cold War: Britain and China, 1950-1972. Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Munslow, A. (1997). Deconstructing History. Routledge.
  • Montrose, Louis A. (1989) “Professing the Renaissance: The Poetics and Politics of Culture.” In H. Aram Veeser (Ed.), The New Historicism (pp. 15-36). Routledge.
  • Murray, D. Brendan, holland Alisha C. & Kensinger Elizabeth A. (2013). Episodic Memory and Emotion. In Robinson, M. D., Watkins, E. R., & Harmon-Jones, E. (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 156–175). Guilford Press.
  • Teo, Yugin (2014). Kazuo Ishiguro and Memory. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • The Nobel Prize in Literature. (2017). Kazuo Ishiguro. Retrieved January, 2020, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2017/ishiguro/facts/
  • Trocki, Carl A. (1999). Opium, Empire, and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade 1750-1950. Routledge.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section World languages, cultures and litertures
Authors

Kaya Özçelik 0000-0001-5648-7186

Publication Date September 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Özçelik, K. (2021). A new historicist approach to When We Were Orphans: The representation of memory vs reality. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(24), 1150-1159. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.997581