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MARK RAVENHILL’İN ÇANTA (1998) OYUNUNDA KURGULANMIŞ ROL OLARAK EBEVEYNLİK SORUNSALI

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 985 - 997, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1688337

Abstract

Mark Ravenhill’in Çanta (1998) oyunu, ebeveynlik olgusunu birbiri ile kesişen Viktoryen ve modern dönem olmak üzere iki farklı zamanda ele alır. Oyun, bir yandan çağdaş dönemde bir lezbiyen ve bir gey çiftin bebek sahibi olması çabasını konu alırken öte yandan da bu deneyimleri Viktorya dönemindeki bir aile ile karşılaştırmaktadır. Viktorya dönemi ailesinin ebeveynlik rolleri ve bu rollere bakış açısını oluşturan katı toplumsal normlar, modern dönemdeki çiftlerin deneyimleri ile yan yana sunulmaktadır. Oyundaki aktörleri çift rollerde oynatan Ravenhill, toplumsal beklentilerdeki değişimler ve sürekliliklere odaklanarak geçmiş ve günümüz arasındaki paralellikleri gözler önüne sermektedir. Değişen normlara rağmen, her iki dönemdeki karakterler de ebeveynlik rollerinin işlevsiz hale dönüşmesi gerçeğinden kaçamamaktadırlar. Cinsiyet rollerinin nasıl toplumsal olarak inşa edildiğini ve bireylerin toplumun beklentilerine uymak zorunda kaldığını gözler önüne seren oyun, Judith Butler’ın “toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı” çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Ravenhill, aile kavramını eleştirmekte, karakterlerin nasıl toplum tarafından dayatılan belirli rollere kendilerini hapsettiklerini tanımlamakta ve geleneksel ebeveynlik algılarını sorgulayarak kültürel normların zaman içerisinde dayattığı kısıtlamaları gün yüzüne çıkararak ‘aile’ ve ‘kimlik’ kavramlarının karmaşıklığını eleştirmektedir. Viktorya dönemi toplumunda ebeveyn rolleri, sınıf ayrımları tarafından şekillendirilir ve belirlenir: aristokrat ve orta sınıf ailelerin beklentisi, ebeveynlik sorumluluklarını dadılar aracılığıyla yerine getirmeleri ve çocuklarının dünyasından duygusal ve fiziksel olarak bilinçli bir mesafe ile uzak durmalarıdır. Bu nedenle, Viktorya dönemi toplumunun normları ve kuralları, ebeveynliğin tanımlanmasında ve şekillendirilmesinde başlıca güç olarak hizmet eder. Buna karşılık, yazar bu geleneksel normları yapıbozuma uğratarak çağdaş dönem kurgusunda bir bebek için iki anne ve iki babadan oluşan bir aile birimi yeniden inşa eder. Alternatif kurallar ve beklentiler sunmasına rağmen, çağdaş dönemdeki kurgusal alan zorluklardan yoksun değildir. Bu çalışma, Ravenhill’in tüm oyunu boyunca aile unsurlarının ve üyelerinin değişmesinin mümkün olmasına rağmen bir aile kurmanın temel mücadelelerinin zaman içinde nasıl sürdüğünü göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Bond, Edward (1965). Saved. London: Methuen.
  • Butler, Judith (1999). Gender Trouble. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Butler, Judith (2015). Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge.
  • Butler, Judith (1988). “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and
  • Feminist Theory”. Theatre Journal 40(4), 519-531.
  • Churchill, Caryl (1979). Cloud Nine. London: Methuen.
  • Cori, Jasmin Lee (2017). The Emotionally Absent Mother: How to Recognize and Heal the Invisible Effects of Childhood Emotional Neglect [ePub version]. New York: The Experiment.
  • D’Cruze, Shani (2004). “The Family”. In C. Williams (Ed.), A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain
  • (pp. 253-273). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Fuente, Jara & José Antonio (2004). “The Importance of Being Earnest: Urban Elites and the Distrubition of Power in Castilian Towns in the Late Middle Ages”. In Isabel Alfonso, Hugh Kennedy, & Julio Escalona (Eds.), Building Legitimacy: Political Discourses and Forms of Legitimation in Medieval Societies (pp. 139-175). Lieden: Brill Publishing.
  • Grassi, Samuele (2011). Looking through Gender: Post-1980 British and Irish Drama. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Mitchell, Sally (1996). Daily Life in Victorian England. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Nelson, Claudia (2007). Family Ties in Victorian England. Westport: Greenwood Publishing.
  • Ravenhill, Mark (1998). Handbag. London: A&C Black Publishers.
  • Plato (380BC). Republic (Benjamin Jowett, Trans.). Idph.
  • www.idph.net/conteudos/ebooks/republic.pdf.
  • Sierz, Aleks (2001). In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today. London: Faber and Faber.
  • Wilde, Oscar (1895). The Importance of Being Earnest. London: Methuen.
  • Williams, Chris (2001). A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain (Introduction). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Reizs, Karel (Director). (1981). The French Lieutenant’s Woman [Film]. United Artists.
  • Fowles, John (1969). The French Lieutenant’s Woman. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.

The Problem of Parenthood as a Constructed Role in Mark Ravenhill’s Handbag (1998)

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 985 - 997, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1688337

Abstract

Mark Ravenhill’s Handbag (1998) explores parenthood across two intersecting periods: the Victorian era and the contemporary era. The play presents a lesbian and a gay couple attempting to have a baby in the contemporary setting while juxtaposing their experiences with a Victorian family, whose rigid societal norms shape their parenthood roles and views. Through employing actors in double roles, Ravenhill draws parallels between past and present by focusing upon differences and continuities in societal expectations. Despite changing norms, the characters in both eras end up with performing dysfunctional parenthood roles. The play is examined through Judith Butler’s “the concept of gender”, explaining how gender roles are social constructs and how individuals are oppressed to conform societal expectations. Ravenhill criticises the notion of family, describes how characters force themselves into predefined roles dictated by society, and finally reveals the complexities of family and identity through challenging conventional perceptions of parenthood and exposing the constraints imposed by cultural norms over time. In Victorian society, parental roles are shaped and dictated by the class divisions: the expectations of aristocratic and middle-class families are to fulfil their parenting responsibilities by employing nannies and to maintain a deliberate emotional and physical distance from the world of their children. Therefore, the societal norms and rules of the Victorian setting serve as the primary force in defining and shaping parenthood. On the contrary, Ravenhill deconstructs these traditional norms and reconstructs the family unit with two mothers and two fathers for a baby in the contemporary era. Although introducing alternative rules and expectations, the contemporary setting is not devoid of challenges. This study aims to illustrate how the fundamental struggles of starting a family persists across time even though it is possible to change the elements and the members of the family unit throughout Ravenhill’s play.

References

  • Bond, Edward (1965). Saved. London: Methuen.
  • Butler, Judith (1999). Gender Trouble. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Butler, Judith (2015). Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge.
  • Butler, Judith (1988). “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and
  • Feminist Theory”. Theatre Journal 40(4), 519-531.
  • Churchill, Caryl (1979). Cloud Nine. London: Methuen.
  • Cori, Jasmin Lee (2017). The Emotionally Absent Mother: How to Recognize and Heal the Invisible Effects of Childhood Emotional Neglect [ePub version]. New York: The Experiment.
  • D’Cruze, Shani (2004). “The Family”. In C. Williams (Ed.), A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain
  • (pp. 253-273). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Fuente, Jara & José Antonio (2004). “The Importance of Being Earnest: Urban Elites and the Distrubition of Power in Castilian Towns in the Late Middle Ages”. In Isabel Alfonso, Hugh Kennedy, & Julio Escalona (Eds.), Building Legitimacy: Political Discourses and Forms of Legitimation in Medieval Societies (pp. 139-175). Lieden: Brill Publishing.
  • Grassi, Samuele (2011). Looking through Gender: Post-1980 British and Irish Drama. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Mitchell, Sally (1996). Daily Life in Victorian England. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Nelson, Claudia (2007). Family Ties in Victorian England. Westport: Greenwood Publishing.
  • Ravenhill, Mark (1998). Handbag. London: A&C Black Publishers.
  • Plato (380BC). Republic (Benjamin Jowett, Trans.). Idph.
  • www.idph.net/conteudos/ebooks/republic.pdf.
  • Sierz, Aleks (2001). In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today. London: Faber and Faber.
  • Wilde, Oscar (1895). The Importance of Being Earnest. London: Methuen.
  • Williams, Chris (2001). A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain (Introduction). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Reizs, Karel (Director). (1981). The French Lieutenant’s Woman [Film]. United Artists.
  • Fowles, John (1969). The French Lieutenant’s Woman. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Literary Studies (Other)
Journal Section EDEBİYAT / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Authors

Zehra Aydın Koçak 0000-0002-1472-9113

Early Pub Date August 29, 2025
Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date May 1, 2025
Acceptance Date July 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydın Koçak, Z. (2025). The Problem of Parenthood as a Constructed Role in Mark Ravenhill’s Handbag (1998). Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 10(2), 985-997. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1688337