Sosyal Sermayenin Yenilikçi Davranışa Etkisinde Girişimcilik Eğiliminin Aracılık Rolü: Gaziantep’teki Suriyeli Girişimciler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, Issue: 47, 211 - 227, 25.04.2022

B. Dilek Özbezek , H. Mustafa Paksoy , Subhı Kord Arabo

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1022954

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Günümüzde bilim ve teknolojinin hızlı gelişimi ve küreselleşmeye yönelik eğilimlerle birlikte, neredeyse tüm örgütler muazzam riskler ve rekabet baskıları getiren dinamik bir iş ortamıyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Yenilikçi davranış, örgütlerin uzun vadede hayatta kalması ve sürdürülebilir bir rekabet avantajı elde etmesi için benzersiz bir varlık olarak kabul edilmektedir. Öte yandan, çok sayıda bilim adamı sosyal sermaye ve girişimciliğin yenilikçi davranış üzerindeki etkisine dikkat çekmektedir. Bu perspektiften Gaziantep’teki 404 Suriyeli girişimcinin katıldığı çalışmanın temel amacı sosyal sermayenin yenilikçi davranış üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etki düzeyinde girişimcilik eğiliminin aracılık rolü olup olmadığını incelemektir. Kavramsal ve ampirik araştırma sonucu elde edilen bulgular sosyal sermayenin hem doğrudan hem de girişimcilik eğilimi aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak yenilikçi davranışı olumlu bir şekilde etkilediğini ve ayrıca sosyal sermayenin yenilikçi davranış üzerindeki etkisinde girişimcilik eğiliminin kısmi aracılık rolü de doğrulanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar sosyal sermayenin girişimcilik eğilimi aracılığıyla girişimcilerin işlevselliğini daha da artırarak daha fazla yeni yaratıcı fikirler ürettikleri ve uyguladıkları argümanına güçlü bir destek sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Suriyeli Girişimciler, Sosyal Sermaye, Yenilikçi Davranış, Girişimcilik Eğilimi.

References

• Adler, P. S. and Kwon, S-W. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept, The Academy of Management Review, 27(1): 17-40.
• Afsar, B., Badir, Y. F. and Saeed, B. B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 14(8). 1270-1300.
• Ahmetoglu, G., Scarlett, L., Codreanu, S.-C. and Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2020). The impact of organizational structure and work autonomy in fostering entrepreneurial tendencies and job performance, Evidence-based HRM, 8(1): 128-143.
• Akram, T. (29). What Impact do Structural, Relational and Cognitive Organısational Social Capital have on Employee Innovative Work Behaviour? A Study From China, International Journal of Innovation Management, 21(1): 1750012 (29 pages).
• Akram, T., Lei, S., Haider, M. J. and Akram, M. W. (2017). What Impact Do Structural, Relational And Cognitive Organisational Social Capital Have On Employee Innovative Work Behaviour? A Study From China, International Journal of Innovation Management, 21(1) 1750012 (29 pages).
• Åmo, B. W. (2006). The influence from corporate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship on white-collar workers’ employee innovation behaviour, Int. J. Innovation and Learning, 3(3): 284-297.
• Bauernschustera, S., Falck, O. and Heblich, S. (2010). Social capital access and entrepreneurship, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 76: 821-833.
• Bhandari, H. and Kumi Yasunobu, K. (2009). What is Social Capital? A Comprehensive Review of the Concept, Asian Journal of Social Science, 37: 480-510.
• Blanchard, K. (). Rural and remote SMEs’ innovative behavior: Is it in the genes or location? An examination of entrepreneurial traits and characteristics, Strategic Change. 26(4): 301-309.
• Baltaci, A. (2017). A Comparison of Syrian Migrant Students in Turkey and Germany: Entrepreneurial Tendencies and Career Expectations, European Journal of Educational Research, 6(1): 15-27.
• Begenirbaş ve Turgut, E. (2016). Psikolojik Sermayenin Çalışanların Yenilikçi Davranışlarına ve Performanslarına Etkileri: Savunma Sektöründe Bir Araştırma, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1): 57-93.
• Bozkurt, Ö. ve Erdurur, K. (2013). Girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin girişimcilik eğilimindeki etkisi: potansiyel girişimciler üzerinde bir araştırma, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 8(2): 57-78.
• Carpiano, R. M. (2006). Toward a neighborhood resource-based theory of social capital for health: Can Bourdieu and sociology help? Social Science & Medicine 62: 165–175.
• Casanueva, C. and Gallego, A. (2010) Social capital and individual innovativeness in university research networks, Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 12(1): 105-117.
• Caird, S. (1991). Testing Enterprising Tendency in Occupational Groups, British Journal of Management, 2: 177-186.
• Chao, T. and Tang, W. H. (2009). Research on the Function Mechanism of Entrepreneurship Education on College Students’ Entrepreneurship Tendency, Frontiers in Educational Research 2(12): 23-31.
• Chen, Y. and Zhou, X. (2017). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and firms’ innovation behavior: The negative mediating role of social capital, Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(9): 1553-1562.
• Chia, C-C. ve Liang, C. (2016). Influence of Creativity and Social Capital on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Tourism Students, Innovation in Services or Industry and Entrepreneurial Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 12(2): 151-168.
• Chou, Y. K. (2006). Three simple models of social capital and economic growth, The Journal of Socio-Economics 35, 889-912.
• Corrêa, V.S., Queiroz, M.M. and Shigaki, H.B. (2021). Social capital and individual entrepreneurial orientation: innovativeness, proactivity, and risk-taking in an emerging economy, Benchmarking: An International Journal, 28(7): 2280-2298.
• Çöp, S. ve Topcu, M. (2019). Sosyal Sermayenin Hizmet İnovasyonu Üzerine Etkisinde Bilgi Paylaşımının Aracılık Rolü: Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 6(1): 31-48.
• Davidsson, P. and Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs, Journal of Business Venturing, 18: 301-331.
• De Jong, J. P., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Innovative Work Behavior: Measurement and Val idation, EIM Business and Policy Research, https://ondernemerschap.panteia.nl/pdf-ez/h200820.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 09.11.2021.
• De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring innovative work behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36.
• Demirci, A. E. (2013). Cross-cultural differences in entrepreneurial tendencies: An exploratory view in Turkey and Canada, International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17: 21-40.
• Doh, S. and Acs, Z. J. (2010): Innovation and Social Capital: A Cross-Country Investigation, Industry and Innovation, 17(3): 241-262.
• Farsı, J. Y., Rezazadeh, A. and Najmabadı, A. D. (2013). Social Capital and Organizational Innovation: The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Journal of Community Positive Practices, XIII(2): 22-40.
• Fandiño, A.M., Marques, C.M.V.A., Menezes, R.M.P., Bentes, S.M.R. (2015). Organizational Social Capital Scale Based On Nahapiet and Ghosal Model: Development and Validation, Review of Contemporary Business Research, 4(2): 25-38.
• Ferlander, S. (2007). The Importance of Different Forms of Social Capital for Health, Acta Socıologıca, 50(2): 115–128.
• Fidan, Y. ve Yurdasever, E. (2017). Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Sermaye Profilleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği, MCBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1): 219-248.
• Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P. and Baron, K. E. (2004). Testing Moderator and Mediator Effects in Counseling Psychology Research, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1): 115–34.
• Goyal, A. and Akhilesh, K. B. (2007). Interplay among innovativeness, cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence and social capital of work teams, Team Performance Management, 13(7/8) 206-226.
• GSO (2021). Gaziantep Sanayi Odası. http://www.gso.org.tr/ Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2021.
• GTO (2021). Gaziantep Ticaret Odası. https://gto.org.tr/ Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2021.
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium, Communication Monographs, 76(4): 408-420.
• Heliawaty, M S S Ali, D Salman, M H Jamil, L Fudjaja, N Busthanul and Darwis (2020). The social capital and innovative behaviors of the farmers in Bantaeng Regency, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012043/pdf Erişim Tarihi: 09.11.2021.
• Hu, L. ve Randel, A. E. (2014). Knowledge Sharing in Teams: Social Capital, Extrinsic Incentives, and Team Innovation, Group & Organization Management, gom.sagepub.com 1-31.
• İşcan, Ö. F. ve Kaygın, E. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik Eğilimlerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(2): 443-462.
• Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort–reward fairness and innovative work behaviour, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73: 287–302.
• Janssen, O. (2003). Innovative behavior and job involvement at the price of conflict and less satisfactory relations with co-workers. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 76: 347–364.
• Jha, A. and Cox,J. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and social capital, Journal of Banking & Finance, 60: 252-270.
• Kaasa, A. (2009). Effects of different dimensions of social capital on innovative activity: Evidence from Europe at the regional level, Techrombon 29: 218-233.
• Kapucu, N. (2011). Social Capital and Civic Engagement, International Journal of Social Inquiry, 4(1): 23-43.
• Kambur, E., (2021). The Effect of Artifical Intelligence on Human Resources Employees, Alanya Akademik Bakış Dergisi Alanya Academic Review Journal, 5(3): 1479-1492.
• Keskin, G. ve Yıldırım, F. (2020). Exploring the Effects of Demographıc and Socio-Cultural Factors on Entrepreneurship Tendency, GSI Journals Serıe B: Advancements in Business and Economics, 3(1): 99-136.
• Kleysen, R. F and Street, C. T (2001). Towards a multi-dimensional measure of individual innovative behavior. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), 284-296.
• Kwon, S-W., Heflin, C. and Ruef, M. (2013). Community Social Capital and Entrepreneurship, American Sociological Review 78(6): 980-1008.
• Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics A study of Hong Kong MBA students, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3): 12-25.
• Kör, B. (2016). The mediating effects of self‑leadership on perceived entrepreneurial orientation and innovative work behavior in the banking sector, SpringerPlus 5(1): 1829.
• Landry, R., Amara, N. & Lamari, M. (2002) Does Social Capital Determine Innovation ? To What Extent?. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 69(7): 681-701.
• Lee, J., Daesu Kim, D. and Sung, S. (2019). The Effect of Entrepreneurship on Start-Up Open Innovation: Innovative Behavior of University Students, J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 5(103): 1-13.
• Lin, B-W., Li, P-C. and Chen, J-S. (2006). Social capital, capabilities, and entrepreneurial strategies: a study of Taiwanese high-tech new ventures, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 73: 168-181.
• Lumpkin and Dess (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5): 429-451.
• Lochnera, K., Kawachia, I. and Kennedy, B. P. (1999). Social capital: a guide to its measurement, Health & Place, 5: 259-270.
• McKeever, E., Anderson, A. and Jack, S. (2014) Entrepreneurship and mutuality: social capital in processes and practices, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 26(5-6): 453-477.
• Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage, The Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 242-266.
• Nakagawa, Y. and Shaw, R. (2004). Social Capital: A Missing Link to Disaster Recovery, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 22(1): 5-34.
• Nasaj, M. and Badi, S. (2020). The influence of network building on the innovative work behaviour of self-monitoring individuals: integrating personality and social capital perspectives, International Journal of Innovation Management, 25(4): 2150038(35 pages).
• Nyqvist, F., Forsman, A. K., Giuntoli, G. and Cattan, M. (2013) Social capital as a resource for mental well-being in older people: A systematic review, Aging & Mental Health, 17(4): 394-410.
• Nguyen, L. T., An, J., Ngo, L. V. ve Hau, L. N. (2020). Transforming Social Capital into Performance via Entrepreneurial Orientation, Australasian Marketing Journal, 28(4): 209-217.
• Ocak, S., Şahin, T. and Gider, Ö. (2019). Entrepreneurial Tendency of the Students: A Research on the Students of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal of Entrepreneourship and Development, 14(1): 67-77.
• Öztaş, M., Kasımoğlu, M. and Şirin, E. F. (2017). The effect of entrepreneurial personality traits of undergraduates in the area of education of physical education and sports on the entrepreneurship tendency, International Journal of Human Sciences, 4(7): 4365-4381.
• Pearson, G. J. (1989). Promoting Entrepreneurship in A Large Companies, Long Range Planning, 22(3): 87-97.
• Preacher, K. J., and Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS Procedures for Estimating Indirect Effect in Simple Mediation Models, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4): 717-731.
• Safran, B. (2020). Girişimcilikte Tembellik ve Sosyal Sermayenin Yaratıcılık ve İnovasyon Üzerindeki Etkileri, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Yönetim ve Organizasyon Bilim Dalı.
• Shahab, H. and Imran, R. (2018). Cultivating University Teachers' Innovative Work Behavior: The Case of Pakistan, Business & Economic Review, 10(1): 159-178.
• Scott, G. & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace, The Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
• Shaw, E., Lam, W. and Carter, S. (2008) The role of entrepreneurial capital in building service reputation, The Service Industries Journal, 28(7): 899-917.
• Szreter, S. and Woolcock, M. (2004). Health by association? Social capital, social theory, and the political economy of public health, International Journal of Epidemiology, 33: 650–667.
• Tabak, A., Erkuş, A. ve Meydan, C. M. (2010). Denetim Odağı ve Yenilikçi Birey Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Belirsizliğe Tolerans ve Risk Almanın Aracılık Etkisi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1): 159-176.
• Tsai, W. and Ghoshal, S. (1998) “Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intrafirm Networks” Aca- demy of Management Journal, 41(4):464-478.
• Titeca, K. and Vervisch, T. (2008). The Dynamics of Social Capital and Community Associations in Uganda: Linking Capital and its Consequences, World Development, 36(11): 2205-2222.
• Tiftik, H. ve Zincirkıran, M. (2014). A Survey of Entrepreneurial Tendencies Candidate Young Entrepreneurs: Foundation University Sample, Journal of Management Research, 6(2): 177-200.
• Turgut, E. ve Beğenirbaş, M. (2013). Çalışanların Yenilikçi Davranışları Üzerinde Sosyal Sermaye ve Yenilikçi İklimin Rolü: Sağlık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma, KHO Bilim Dergisi 23(2): 101-124.
• Vosta, L. N. and Jalilvand, M. R. (2014). Examining the influence of social capital on rural women entrepreneurship : An empirical study in Iran, World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 10(3): 209-227.
• Wang, S., Guidice, R., Zhou, Y. and Wang, Z-M. (2016). It’s more complicated than we think: The implications of social capital on innovation, Asia Pac J Manag, 34: 649–674. Weiers, R. (2008). Introduction to Business Statistics, 7th. South Western Cenage Learning.
• Wojtczuk-Turek, A. (2012). Innovative work behavior and psychological capital–analysis of relationships. Organizacja i Zarządzanie: Kwartalnik Naukowy, 3(19), 71–88.
• Xerri, M. J. ve Brunetto, Y. (2011). Fostering the innovative behaviour of SME employees: a social capital perspective, Research & Practice in Human Resource Management, 19(2): 43-59.
• Xu, Y. (2016). Entrepreneurial social capital, cognitive orientation and new venture innovation, Management Research Review, 39(5): 498-520.
• Yao, X., Wu, X. and Long, D. (2016), "University students’ entrepreneurial tendency in China: Effect of students’ perceived entrepreneurial environment", Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 8(1): 60-81.
• Yeşil, S. and Doğan, I. F. (2019): Exploring the relationship between social capital, innovation capability and innovation, Innovation, DOI: 10.1080/14479338.2019.1585187.
• Yıldız, M. A. (2016). Serial multiple mediation of general belongingness and life satisfaction in the relationship between attachment and loneliness in adolescents. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16, 553-578.
• Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2): 323-342.
• Zheng, W. (2008). A Social Capital Perspective of Innovation from Individuals to Nations: Where is Empirical Literature Directing Us? International Journal of Management Reviews, 151-183.