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DECLINE PARADIGM in LATE MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: A GENERAL EVALUATION WITH REGARD to SOCIO-ECONOMIC and POLITICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 168 - 185, 22.05.2018
https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.407437

Abstract

This study dwells on the perception and characterization of the concept
of Late Medieval in European historiography. Medieval European history has been
divided into three parts as a result of the institutionalization of medieval
scholarship and the tendency of the historians to subdivide the medieval period
into small pieces for making broad generalizations about their specific fields.
While the standards of division change according to scholarly conventions and
ideological motivations, the subdivision of the medieval into early, high and
late medieval periods has been commonly accepted. Therefore, Late Medieval
European history has been somewhat neglected through its identification with
the concepts such as “crisis” and “transition”. This article will argue that
the historians should rediscuss the Late Medieval within the scope of the
concepts such as “crisis”, “transition” and “transformation”. In this sense, it
suggests that Late Medieval period should be evaluated in continuity with High
Middle Ages and Renaissance. On the one hand, such a general evaluation of the
paradigm of Late Medieval Decline will provide us with a new approach to
examine Medieval European history. On the other hand, it will be a modest
contribution to a rethinking of historical periodization. 

References

  • KaynakçaBaldwin, J.W. (1991). The government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French royal power in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press.Durgun, F. (2017). Geç ortaçağ İngiliz toplumunu anlamak: tarih yazıcılığında bastard feudalism kavramının gelişimi. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi. XXXII:1, s. 47-72.Dyer, C. (2002). Making a living in the Middle Ages: the people of Britain, 850-1520. New Haven: Yale University Press.Emslie, B. (2015). Speculations on German history: culture and state. Rochester NY: Camden House.Epstein, S.R. ve Hilton, R. (2007). Marxism and the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Past and Present, 195 (Suppl 2), s. 248-269.Epstein, S.R. (2003). Freedom and Growth: The rise of states and markets in Europe, 1300-1750. London: Routledge.Evans, R.J.W. ve Marchal, G. P. (2011). The uses of the middle ages in modern European states: history, nationhood and the search for origins. New York: Palgrave MacMillan..Greenberg, M. (2013). The concept of ‘early modern’. Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, 13: 2, s. 75-79.Grummitt, D. (2013). The wars of the roses. London: I.B. Tauris.Guenée, B. (1992). Un meurtre, une société: L'assassinat du duc d'Orléans 23 Novembre 1407. Paris: Gallimard.Hicks, M.(1995). Bastard feudalism, London: Longman.Hilton, R. (1977). Bond men made free. London: Meuthen.Hilton, R. (Ed.). (1976). The transition from feudalism to capitalism. London: New Left Review Books.Kaminsky, H. (2000). From lateness to waning to crisis: the burden of the later Middle Ages. Journal of Early Modern History, Vol 4, Issue 1, s. 85-125.Kaye, H. J. (2009). İngiliz marksist tarihçiler. ( A. Köse, Çev.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Kelley, R. D. (2007). Ideas of periodisation in the West. The Many Faces of Clio: Cross- cultural Approaches to Historiography, Essays in Honor of Georg G. Iggers, Q E. Wang ve F. L. Fillafer (ed.), New York: Berghahn Books. Kudrycz, W. (2011). The historical present: medievalism and modernity. Londom: Continuum.Kumar K. (2003). The making of English national identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Le Goff, J. (2016). Tarihi dönemlere ayırmak şart mı?. (A. Berktay, Çev.), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.Lurie, G. (2012). Citizenship in later medieval France, c.1370- c.1480, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Georgetown University, Washington DC.MacFarlane, K. B. (1981). England in the fifteenth century: collected essays. Introduction by G.L. Harriss, London: The Hambledon Press.Perry, M. (2002). Marxism and history. New York: Palgrave.Postan, M. M. (1966). Medieval Agrarian society in its prime: England. M. M. Postan (ed.), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe I. Second Edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 549-632.Prosser, G. (2000). Decayed feudalism’ and ‘royal clienteles’: royal office and magnate service in the fifteenth century”. C. Allmand (ed.) War, Government and Power in Late Medieval France. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, s. 175-190.Reuter, T. (2006). Medieval: another tyrannous construct?. J.L. Nelson (ed.), Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 19-37.Scales, L. (2012). The shaping of German identity: authority and crisis. 1245-1414. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Sullivan, D. (1981). The end of the Middle Ages: decline, crisis or transformation?. The History Teacher, 14: 4, s.551-565. Wallerstein, I. (2004). World systems analysis: an introduction. Durham: Duke University Press.Watts, J. (2009). The making of polities: Europe, 1300-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wickham, C. (2016). Medieval Europe. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Wood, C. (2016). Studying late medieval history: A thematic approach. London: Routledge.Zafirovski, M. (2011). The enlightenment and its effects on modern society. Springer: New York.

GEÇ ORTAÇAĞ AVRUPA TARİHÇİLİĞİNDE GERİLEME PARADİGMASI: SOSYO-EKONOMİK ve SİYASAL TARİHÇİLİK AÇISINDAN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 168 - 185, 22.05.2018
https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.407437

Abstract

Bu
çalışma Geç Ortaçağ tarihi kavramının Avrupa tarihçiliğinde nasıl algılandığı
ve tanımladığı üzerinde durmaktadır. Ortaçağ tarihçiliğinin kurumsallaşması ve
tarih disiplini içinde bir dönemin alt alanlara bölümlenmesi neticesinde
Ortaçağ tarihi de üç parçaya ayrılarak araştırma nesnesi haline getirilmiştir.
Ayrıştırma ölçütleri tarihçilik geleneklerine ve ideolojik motivasyonlara göre
değişiklik göstermekle birlikte Erken, Yüksek ve Geç Ortaçağ dönemlendirmesi
genel kabul görmüş ve Geç Ortaçağ kriz ve gerileme gibi kavramlarla
özdeşleştirilerek biraz ihmal edilmiştir. Bu makale, Geç Ortaçağ’ın “kriz”,
“geçiş” ya da “dönüşüm” kavramları etrafında sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasi
tarihçilik bağlamında genel olarak nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini
tartışacak Geç Ortaçağ’ı sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasi tarih açısından, kopuş veya
kriz olarak değil,  Rönesans ile
süreklilik içinde değerlendirmeyi önerecektir. Geç Ortaçağ Gerileme
Paradigmasına ilişkin yapılacak olan tartışma ve genel değerlendirmeyle bir
yandan Geç Ortaçağ Avrupa tarihine yeni bir perspektifle bakmak, diğer yandan
da tarihsel dönemlendirmeyi yeniden düşünmek üzerine mütevazı bir katkı
sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. 

References

  • KaynakçaBaldwin, J.W. (1991). The government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French royal power in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press.Durgun, F. (2017). Geç ortaçağ İngiliz toplumunu anlamak: tarih yazıcılığında bastard feudalism kavramının gelişimi. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi. XXXII:1, s. 47-72.Dyer, C. (2002). Making a living in the Middle Ages: the people of Britain, 850-1520. New Haven: Yale University Press.Emslie, B. (2015). Speculations on German history: culture and state. Rochester NY: Camden House.Epstein, S.R. ve Hilton, R. (2007). Marxism and the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Past and Present, 195 (Suppl 2), s. 248-269.Epstein, S.R. (2003). Freedom and Growth: The rise of states and markets in Europe, 1300-1750. London: Routledge.Evans, R.J.W. ve Marchal, G. P. (2011). The uses of the middle ages in modern European states: history, nationhood and the search for origins. New York: Palgrave MacMillan..Greenberg, M. (2013). The concept of ‘early modern’. Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, 13: 2, s. 75-79.Grummitt, D. (2013). The wars of the roses. London: I.B. Tauris.Guenée, B. (1992). Un meurtre, une société: L'assassinat du duc d'Orléans 23 Novembre 1407. Paris: Gallimard.Hicks, M.(1995). Bastard feudalism, London: Longman.Hilton, R. (1977). Bond men made free. London: Meuthen.Hilton, R. (Ed.). (1976). The transition from feudalism to capitalism. London: New Left Review Books.Kaminsky, H. (2000). From lateness to waning to crisis: the burden of the later Middle Ages. Journal of Early Modern History, Vol 4, Issue 1, s. 85-125.Kaye, H. J. (2009). İngiliz marksist tarihçiler. ( A. Köse, Çev.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Kelley, R. D. (2007). Ideas of periodisation in the West. The Many Faces of Clio: Cross- cultural Approaches to Historiography, Essays in Honor of Georg G. Iggers, Q E. Wang ve F. L. Fillafer (ed.), New York: Berghahn Books. Kudrycz, W. (2011). The historical present: medievalism and modernity. Londom: Continuum.Kumar K. (2003). The making of English national identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Le Goff, J. (2016). Tarihi dönemlere ayırmak şart mı?. (A. Berktay, Çev.), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.Lurie, G. (2012). Citizenship in later medieval France, c.1370- c.1480, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Georgetown University, Washington DC.MacFarlane, K. B. (1981). England in the fifteenth century: collected essays. Introduction by G.L. Harriss, London: The Hambledon Press.Perry, M. (2002). Marxism and history. New York: Palgrave.Postan, M. M. (1966). Medieval Agrarian society in its prime: England. M. M. Postan (ed.), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe I. Second Edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 549-632.Prosser, G. (2000). Decayed feudalism’ and ‘royal clienteles’: royal office and magnate service in the fifteenth century”. C. Allmand (ed.) War, Government and Power in Late Medieval France. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, s. 175-190.Reuter, T. (2006). Medieval: another tyrannous construct?. J.L. Nelson (ed.), Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 19-37.Scales, L. (2012). The shaping of German identity: authority and crisis. 1245-1414. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Sullivan, D. (1981). The end of the Middle Ages: decline, crisis or transformation?. The History Teacher, 14: 4, s.551-565. Wallerstein, I. (2004). World systems analysis: an introduction. Durham: Duke University Press.Watts, J. (2009). The making of polities: Europe, 1300-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wickham, C. (2016). Medieval Europe. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Wood, C. (2016). Studying late medieval history: A thematic approach. London: Routledge.Zafirovski, M. (2011). The enlightenment and its effects on modern society. Springer: New York.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research & Theoretical Articles
Authors

Fatih Durgun 0000-0001-6620-2359

Publication Date May 22, 2018
Submission Date March 19, 2018
Acceptance Date May 22, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Durgun, F. (2018). GEÇ ORTAÇAĞ AVRUPA TARİHÇİLİĞİNDE GERİLEME PARADİGMASI: SOSYO-EKONOMİK ve SİYASAL TARİHÇİLİK AÇISINDAN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Turkish History Education Journal, 7(1), 168-185. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.407437



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