During the Second Constitutional Period,
which was one of the most important stages of the Ottoman modernization period,
there were significant developments in not only the political, economic and
social fields, but also in education. The Committee of Union and Progress tried
to educate primary and secondary school students to become citizens who are
loyal to their government and to the constitution. They also gave importance to
vocational education to create a national bourgeoisie, which was the largest deficit
of the government. The traditional way of acquiring a profession in the Ottoman
Empire was apprentice training. Since the Tanzimat reform era, a disciplined
vocational education in schools began along with this training. The purpose of
this study is to present the condition of the schools of commerce, industry and
agriculture during the years 1908-1914. This study, which was prepared
according to the newspapers and magazines of that period, showed that although
there was a reform and recovery in these schools due to the excitement the
Second Constitutional Period caused, the desired success could not be achieved
because of the destructive effect of the Balkan Wars.
The Second Constitutional Period Education the School of Industry the School of Agriculture the School of Commerce
Osmanlı
modernleşme sürecinin en önemli aşamalarından birisi olan II. Meşrutiyet
döneminde siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal alanlarda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da
önemli gelişmeler meydana gelmiştir. İttihad-Terakki Cemiyeti bir yandan ilk ve
orta öğretimde kendi iktidarına ve meşrutiyete bağlı vatandaşlar yetiştirme gayreti
içerisine girerken diğer yandan da devletin en büyük eksikliği olan milli bir
burjuva sınıfını oluşturmak için mesleki eğitime önem vermeye başlamıştır.
Osmanlı Devletinde meslek edinmenin geleneksel yolu çırak olarak bir ustanın
yanında yetişmekti. Tanzimat döneminden itibaren bu usulün yanında mekteplerde
disipline edilmiş bir mesleki eğitim başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı mesleki
eğitim veren mektepler içerisinde büyük öneme sahip olan ticaret, sanayi ve
ziraat mekteplerinin 1908-1914 yılları arasındaki durumunu ortaya koymaktır.
Başta arşiv kaynakları olmak üzere dönemin gazete ve dergilerine dayanılarak
hazırlanan bu çalışma göstermiştir ki, II. Meşrutiyet’in getirdiği heyecan ile
bu mekteplerde bir yenilik ve canlanma yaşanmasına rağmen özellikle Balkan
Savaşlarının yıkıcı etkisi nedeniyle istenilen başarı elde edilememiştir. II.
Meşrutiyet’ten sonra Osmanlı Devleti’nin parçalanma sürecine girmesi bu
mektepleri büsbütün atıl duruma getirmiş ve Cumhuriyet’in devraldığı mesleki
eğitim mirası neredeyse yok denecek bir seviyeye gelmiştir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | October 20, 2018 |
Submission Date | September 13, 2018 |
Acceptance Date | October 4, 2018 |
Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
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