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Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları

Year 2023, , 72 - 83, 05.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.51524/uhusbad.1330337

Abstract

Bu makale, uluslararası hukukun varlığına yönelik eleştirileri incelemekte ve tartışmaktadır. Makale, uluslararası hukukun tanımını ve amacını ele alarak başlar ve ardından eleştirilerin temel sebeplerini, detaylı incelemelerini ve alternatif yaklaşımları sunar. Temel eleştiriler, egemen devletlerin üstünde bir otorite eksikliği, uygulanabilirlik ve uyum sorunları, icra ve yaptırım eksikliği, devletlerin çıkarları ve güç dengeleri ile küresel adalet ve eşitsizlikler olarak belirlenmiştir. “Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro” ve “Thomas Lubanga Dyilo” davaları, uluslararası hukukun icra ve yaptırım eksikliği konusunda önemli tartışmalara yol açmıştır.
Makale, eleştirilerin ayrıntılı incelemesinde, egemen devletlerin rızasına dayalı hukuk, egemen eşitliği ilkesi, farklı hukuk sistemleri ve değerler, uluslararası mahkemelerin etkisizliği ve yaptırım mekanizmalarının sınırlılığı gibi konulara değinir. Eleştirilere yanıt olarak, uluslararası hukukun geliştirilmesi ve reformu, bölgesel ve çok taraflı işbirliği, sivil toplum örgütlerinin ve uluslararası örgütlerin rolü ve adil ve eşitlikçi bir dünya düzeni için çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır.
Sonuç bölümünde, eleştirilerin değerlendirmesi ve uluslararası hukukun önemi ve geleceği üzerine düşünceler aktarılarak makale sonlandırılmaktadır.

References

  • Anghie, A. (2012). Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • An-Na’im, A. A. (2008). Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari’a. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Bassiouni, M. C. (2021). Transparency and Accountability in International Law: The Way Forward. New Haven, CT: Yale Journal of International Law.
  • Bodansky, D. (2010). The Art and Craft of International Environmental Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brierly, J. L. (2012). The Law of Nations. edited by Andrew Clapham. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Byers, M. (2003). Custom, Power, and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Online publication date: September 2009]
  • Cassese, A. (2005). International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Charnovitz, S. (2006). Non-governmental Organizations and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cox, R. W. (1983). Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Franck, T. M. (1990). The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldsmith, J. L., & Posner, E. A. (2005). The Limits of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldsmith, J. L., & Wu, T. (2006). Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York, NY: International Publishers.
  • Habermas, J. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Hart, H. L. A. (1997). The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hathaway, O. A. (2002). Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? New Haven, CT: The Yale Law Journal.
  • Hurrell, A. (2007). On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • International Court of Justice. (2007). Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro).
  • International Court of Justice. (1986). Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States).
  • International Criminal Court. (2012). The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo.
  • Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and Interdependence. Boston: Little, Brown.
  • Kelsen, H. (1967). Pure Theory of Law. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Koskenniemi, M. (2002). The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law 1870-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koskenniemi, M. (2005). From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koskenniemi, M. (2022). International Law and the Politics of Power. Oxford: Oxford Journal of Legal Studies.
  • Krasner, S. D. (1993). Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Morgenthau, H. J. (1948). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Murphy, S. D. (2012). Principles of International Law. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing.
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2006). Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1999). The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rodriguez, D. B., & Sachs, L. (2022). The Role of Economic and Political Power in International Law. New York, NY: American Journal of International Law.
  • Sands, P., & Peel, J. (2021). The Role of Major Powers in International Law: A Critical Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law Review.
  • Shaw, M. (2017). International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Simma, B. (Ed.). (2002). The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Simmons, B. A. (2000). International Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs. Washington, DC: American Political Science Review.
  • Simmons, B. A. (2009). Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Slaughter, A. M. (2004). A New World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Smith, J., & Wiest, D. (2018). The Politics of International Institutions: The Influence of State Power on the Effectiveness of International Courts. New York, NY: American Academy of Social Sciences.
  • United Nations Economic and Social Council (2019). The Effectiveness of International Sanctions: A Framework for Evaluation. New York, NY: United Nations.

Questioning International Law: Authority, Applicability, Execution, Balance of Power and Justice Dilemmas

Year 2023, , 72 - 83, 05.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.51524/uhusbad.1330337

Abstract

This article examines and discusses criticisms of the existence of international law. The article begins by addressing the definition and purpose of international law, followed by presenting the main reasons for the criticisms, detailed examinations, and alternative approaches. The key criticisms are identified as the lack of an authority above sovereign states, issues of applicability and compatibility, shortcomings in enforcement and sanctions, states’ interests and power balances, and global justice and inequalities.
The article delves into detailed examination of the criticisms, touching upon topics such as consent-based law of sovereign states, the principle of sovereign equality, different legal systems and values, the ineffectiveness of international courts, and the limitations of sanction mechanisms. In response to the criticisms, the article offers solutions for the development and reform of international law, regional and multilateral cooperation, the role of civil society organizations and international institutions, and proposals for a fair and equitable world order.
In the conclusion section, the evaluation of the criticisms and thoughts on the importance and future of international law are presented, bringing the article to a close.

References

  • Anghie, A. (2012). Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • An-Na’im, A. A. (2008). Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari’a. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Bassiouni, M. C. (2021). Transparency and Accountability in International Law: The Way Forward. New Haven, CT: Yale Journal of International Law.
  • Bodansky, D. (2010). The Art and Craft of International Environmental Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brierly, J. L. (2012). The Law of Nations. edited by Andrew Clapham. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Byers, M. (2003). Custom, Power, and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Online publication date: September 2009]
  • Cassese, A. (2005). International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Charnovitz, S. (2006). Non-governmental Organizations and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cox, R. W. (1983). Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Franck, T. M. (1990). The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldsmith, J. L., & Posner, E. A. (2005). The Limits of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldsmith, J. L., & Wu, T. (2006). Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York, NY: International Publishers.
  • Habermas, J. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Hart, H. L. A. (1997). The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hathaway, O. A. (2002). Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? New Haven, CT: The Yale Law Journal.
  • Hurrell, A. (2007). On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • International Court of Justice. (2007). Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro).
  • International Court of Justice. (1986). Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States).
  • International Criminal Court. (2012). The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo.
  • Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and Interdependence. Boston: Little, Brown.
  • Kelsen, H. (1967). Pure Theory of Law. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Koskenniemi, M. (2002). The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law 1870-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koskenniemi, M. (2005). From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koskenniemi, M. (2022). International Law and the Politics of Power. Oxford: Oxford Journal of Legal Studies.
  • Krasner, S. D. (1993). Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Morgenthau, H. J. (1948). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Murphy, S. D. (2012). Principles of International Law. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing.
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2006). Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1999). The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rodriguez, D. B., & Sachs, L. (2022). The Role of Economic and Political Power in International Law. New York, NY: American Journal of International Law.
  • Sands, P., & Peel, J. (2021). The Role of Major Powers in International Law: A Critical Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law Review.
  • Shaw, M. (2017). International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Simma, B. (Ed.). (2002). The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Simmons, B. A. (2000). International Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs. Washington, DC: American Political Science Review.
  • Simmons, B. A. (2009). Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Slaughter, A. M. (2004). A New World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Smith, J., & Wiest, D. (2018). The Politics of International Institutions: The Influence of State Power on the Effectiveness of International Courts. New York, NY: American Academy of Social Sciences.
  • United Nations Economic and Social Council (2019). The Effectiveness of International Sanctions: A Framework for Evaluation. New York, NY: United Nations.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hatice Kübra Ecemiş Yılmaz 0000-0001-9438-0291

Publication Date January 5, 2024
Submission Date July 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Ecemiş Yılmaz, H. K. (2024). Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları. Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.51524/uhusbad.1330337
AMA Ecemiş Yılmaz HK. Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları. UHUSBAD. January 2024;5(2):72-83. doi:10.51524/uhusbad.1330337
Chicago Ecemiş Yılmaz, Hatice Kübra. “Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi Ve Adalet Açmazları”. Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5, no. 2 (January 2024): 72-83. https://doi.org/10.51524/uhusbad.1330337.
EndNote Ecemiş Yılmaz HK (January 1, 2024) Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 2 72–83.
IEEE H. K. Ecemiş Yılmaz, “Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları”, UHUSBAD, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 72–83, 2024, doi: 10.51524/uhusbad.1330337.
ISNAD Ecemiş Yılmaz, Hatice Kübra. “Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi Ve Adalet Açmazları”. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/2 (January 2024), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.51524/uhusbad.1330337.
JAMA Ecemiş Yılmaz HK. Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları. UHUSBAD. 2024;5:72–83.
MLA Ecemiş Yılmaz, Hatice Kübra. “Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi Ve Adalet Açmazları”. Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2024, pp. 72-83, doi:10.51524/uhusbad.1330337.
Vancouver Ecemiş Yılmaz HK. Uluslararası Hukukun Sorgulanması: Otorite, Uygulanabilirlik, İcra, Güç Dengesi ve Adalet Açmazları. UHUSBAD. 2024;5(2):72-83.

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