Brain-Gut Network in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and The Role of Vagal Nerve in Neuroinflammation

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 66 - 72, 20.09.2024

Ayşen Çalıkuşu , Hale Gök Dağıdır , Neslihan Bukan , Meltem Bahcelıoglu

Abstract

In both normal and pathological situations, the brain and gut communicate. Intestinal inflammation is crucial in the progression of systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation all benefit from elucidating the molecular relationships between the gut and the brain. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis are chronic disorders characterized by recurring episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease has evolved into a global disease in the 21st century, affecting around 6.8 million individuals and increasing in prevalence. According to growing evidence using clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data, Inflammatory Bowel Disease predisposes people to central nervous system disorders. The goal of this review is to address current knowledge in inflammatory bowel disorders, to analyze the interconnections between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases all along the gut-brain axis, and to emphasize the role of neuroinflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Finally, we address vagal nerve stimulation as a potential treatment because it is a critical component of brain-gut interactions and exerts a dual anti-inflammatory role via its afferent and efferent fibers.

Keywords

Keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases, brain-gut axis, microbiota, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, vagal nerve stimulation

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was not required for this article.

Supporting Institution

There is no supporting institution for this article.

İnflamatuvar Bağırsak Hastalıklarında Beyin-Bağırsak Ağı ve Nöroinflamasyonda Vagal Sinirin Rolü

Abstract

Hem normal hem de patolojik durumlarda beyin ve bağırsak iletişim kurar. Bağırsak iltihabı, sistemik iltihaplanma ve nöroinflamasyonun ilerlemesinde çok önemlidir. İnflamatuar Bağırsak Hastalıkları, nörodejenerasyon ve nöroinflamasyonun tümü, bağırsak ve beyin arasındaki moleküler ilişkilerin aydınlatılmasından yararlanır. Crohn hastalığı, ülseratif kolit ve nedeni belli tam olmayan kolit, tekrarlayan gastrointestinal inflamasyon atakları ile karakterize edilen kronik bozukluklardır. İnflamatuar bağırsak hastalığı, 21. yüzyılda yaklaşık 6,8 milyon kişiyi etkileyen ve prevalansı giderek artan küresel bir hastalığa dönüştü. Klinik, epidemiyolojik ve deneysel veriler kullanılarak artan kanıtlara göre İnflamatuar Bağırsak Hastalığı, insanlarda merkezi sinir sistemi bozukluklarına yatkınlık yaratıyor. Bu derlemenin amacı inflamatuar barsak bozukluklarındaki güncel bilgileri ele almak, İnflamatuar Bağırsak Hastalıkları ile bağırsak-beyin ekseni boyunca nörodejeneratif ve nöroinflamatuar hastalıklar arasındaki bağlantıları analiz etmek ve İnflamatuar Bağırsak Hastalıklarında nöroinflamasyonun rolünü vurgulamaktır. Son olarak, vagal sinir stimülasyonunu potansiyel bir tedavi olarak ele alıyoruz çünkü bu, beyin-bağırsak etkileşimlerinin kritik bir bileşenidir ve afferent ve efferent lifleri yoluyla ikili bir anti-inflamatuar rol oynar.

Keywords

inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları, beyin-bağırsak ekseni, mikrobiyota, nöroinflamasyon, nörodejenerasyon, vagal sinir stimülasyonu

Ethical Statement

Bu makale için etik onay gerekli değildir.

Supporting Institution

Bu makale için destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

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