Kelime Düzeyinde Ortografik Farkındalık Testinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı kelime tanıma, akıcı okuma ve okuduğunu anlama becerilerini etkileyen önemli bir değişken olan ortografik farkındalığın ilkokul düzeyinde ve Türkçe bağlamında yapılandırılmış bir testini geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kelime düzeyinde ortografik farkındalık testi geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Testin geliştirilme sürecinde test maddelerinin yazılması, pilot uygulamalar yapılması, madde analizi, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları işlem basamakları olarak takip edilmiş ve sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Manisa ili Şehzadeler ilçesinde bulunan bir devlet okulunun üç 3. sınıf şubesi (N=111) oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kelime Düzeyinde Ortografik Farkındalık Testi kullanılmıştır. Bu testin uygulama formunda toplam 40 madde yer almıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler önce Microsoft Excel programına girilmiştir. Daha sonra veriler IBM SPSS ve Jamovi programlarına aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde madde ve güvenirlilik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan madde güçlük ve ayırt edicilik indekslerine ilişkin hesaplamalar ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda, geliştirilen kelime düzeyinde ortografik farkındalık testinin ilkokul düzeyinde okuma becerisi ve ilişkili bilişsel yapıları daha nitelikli bir şekilde değerlendirilebilecek güvenilir ve geçerli bir test olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okuduğunu anlama
• bilişsel beceriler
• ortografik farkındalık
• kelime düzeyinde ortografik farkındalık

Development of Word-Specific Orthographic Awareness Test: A Study of Validity and Reliability

Öz

The aim of the study was to develop a test of word-specific orthographic awareness, which is an important variable affecting word recognition, reading fluency, and reading comprehension skills, at the primary school level and in the context of the Turkish language. Based on this purpose, an attempt was made to develop an orthographic awareness test at the word level. During the development process of the test, writing test items, conducting pilot applications, item analysis, validity and reliability studies were followed and presented as process steps. The sample of the research consisted of three 3rd grade classes (N = 111) of a public school in Şehzadeler district of Manisa province. Word-Specific Orthographic Awareness Test was used as a data collection tool in the study. This test includes a total of 40 items. The data obtained in the study was first entered into the Microsoft Excel program. Then, the data was transferred to IBM SPSS and Jamovi programs. Item and reliability analyses were performed on the data obtained. As a result of the calculations and reliability analyses regarding the item difficulty and distinctiveness indices, it was revealed that the word-level orthographic awareness test was a reliable and valid test that could evaluate reading skills and related cognitive structures at the primary school level in a more qualified way.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Reading comprehension
• cognitive skills
• orthographic awareness
• word-specific orthographic awareness

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