Araştırma Makalesi

Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye

Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1 30 Nisan 2026
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Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye

Öz

Aim: The distinction between in-hospital and out-of-hospital death certification carries important forensic and epidemiologic implications. While many studies have examined clinical outcomes of pediatric deaths, few have investigated the demographic, circumstantial, and cause-specific predictors of out-of-hospital certification in forensic practice. 

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2,214 pediatric and adolescent forensic cases recorded between 2019-2023. Variables included cause of death, sex, nationality, age at death, place of incident, and season. Causes of death were grouped as intentional injuries, unintentional injuries, medical or procedural causes, and other or undetermined. Place of death was dichotomized into in-facility/ambulance and out-of-hospital. Descriptive analyses, chi-square test, nonparametric comparisons, and multivariable logistic regression were applied. 

Results: Overall, 17.9% of cases were certified out of hospital. Out-of-hospital certification was significantly more likely for unintentional injuries (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.45-2.67), intentional injuries (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.15-3.35), and other or undetermined causes (OR=26.89, 95% CI: 18.10-39.97) compared with medical or procedural causes. Foreign nationality (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.42-2.54) and increasing age (OR=1.14 per year, 95% CI: 1.12-1.17) were also independent predictors. Seasonal variation showed lower odds in summer relative to winter (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46-0.93). Sex was not associated with place of death. Model diagnostics supported validity, with acceptable collinearity, linearity of the logit for age, and strong overall fit. 

Conclusions: Out-of-hospital death certification among children and adolescents was strongly associated with external and undetermined causes, older age, and foreign nationality. These findings provide context-specific evidence from Türkiye and suggest that out-of-hospital death certification may reflect differences in case circumstances, access to care, and social vulnerability. Better integration of forensic data with public health surveillance may improve the interpretation of pediatric mortality patterns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to this article.

Teşekkür

This study was conducted at the Istanbul Council of Forensic Medicine; we gratefully acknowledge the support of the Presidency of the Council of Forensic Medicine

Kaynakça

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  2. World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2018.
  3. Byard RW. Pediatric forensic pathology in review: practice, problems, and prospects. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2001;4(2):140-151.
  4. Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B, Mitchell EA, et al. Standards for performing a pediatric autopsy: a commentary by the ESPR/CAR/SIDSbiobank. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2021;17(2):321-328.
  5. Friedman MA, Caruso P, Kinney HC, et al. sudden infant death syndrome: guidelines for investigation of sudden unexpected infant deaths. Pediatrics. 2014;134(1):e210-e218.
  6. MacKenzie EJ, Rivara FP, Jurkovich GJ, et al. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(4):366-378.
  7. Somma V, Pflaumer A, Connell V, et al. Epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with adults. Heart Rhythm. 2023;20(11):1525-1531.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Adli Epidemiyoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

24 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yılmaz, M. E., Güzel Tanoğlu, E., Esen, M. F., Güner, F., & Oduncu, M. (2026). Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 40(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1811828
AMA
1.Yılmaz ME, Güzel Tanoğlu E, Esen MF, Güner F, Oduncu M. Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye. ATD. 2026;40(1):1-10. doi:10.61970/adlitip.1811828
Chicago
Yılmaz, Muhammed Emre, Esra Güzel Tanoğlu, M. Fevzi Esen, Fatih Güner, ve Muhammed Oduncu. 2026. “Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye”. Adli Tıp Dergisi 40 (1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1811828.
EndNote
Yılmaz ME, Güzel Tanoğlu E, Esen MF, Güner F, Oduncu M (01 Nisan 2026) Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye. Adli Tıp Dergisi 40 1 1–10.
IEEE
[1]M. E. Yılmaz, E. Güzel Tanoğlu, M. F. Esen, F. Güner, ve M. Oduncu, “Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye”, ATD, c. 40, sy 1, ss. 1–10, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.61970/adlitip.1811828.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Muhammed Emre - Güzel Tanoğlu, Esra - Esen, M. Fevzi - Güner, Fatih - Oduncu, Muhammed. “Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye”. Adli Tıp Dergisi 40/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1811828.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz ME, Güzel Tanoğlu E, Esen MF, Güner F, Oduncu M. Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye. ATD. 2026;40:1–10.
MLA
Yılmaz, Muhammed Emre, vd. “Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye”. Adli Tıp Dergisi, c. 40, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 1-10, doi:10.61970/adlitip.1811828.
Vancouver
1.Muhammed Emre Yılmaz, Esra Güzel Tanoğlu, M. Fevzi Esen, Fatih Güner, Muhammed Oduncu. Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye. ATD. 01 Nisan 2026;40(1):1-10. doi:10.61970/adlitip.1811828

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