Yeni Genomik Teknikler ve CRISPR-Cas9 Teknolojisi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 10, 29 - 38

Batuhan Berk Yilmaz , Ufuk Tansel Sireli

Öz

Genom düzenleme teknolojileri alanında CRISPR-Cas9 (Düzenli Aralıklı Palindromik Tekrar Kümeleri) teknolojisi devrim niteliğinde bir yenilik olup, tüm canlı hücrelerin genomları üzerinde düzenleme yapmaya imkan tanıyan bir uygulamadır. Bu çığır açıcı genom düzenleme yöntemi 2020 yılında, bu alandaki keşiflerinden ötürü Fransız mikrobiyolog Emmanuelle Charpentier ve Amerikalı biyokimyager Jennifer Doudna'ya Nobel Kimya Ödülü’nü kazandırdı. CRISPR-Cas9 teknolojisi, tıp, tarım ve biyoteknoloji gibi birçok alanda geniş bir uygulama potansiyeline sahiptir. Tarım uygulamalarında, bitkilerin besin değerlerinin iyileştirilmesini sağlarken, tıp alanında kanser, HIV ve Orak Hücre Anemisi gibi önemli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra CRISPR teknolojisi, gen düzenlemeleri ile gen aktivasyonu veya baskılaması gibi işlevsel değişiklikler yapmak için de uygulanabilmektedir. Ancak teknolojinin klinik alanda kullanılmasını engelleyen bazı zorluklar mevcuttur; immün yanıtlar, hedef dışı etkiler ve etik sorunlar bu zorluklar arasında yer almaktadır. Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu’nun bu alanda henüz net bir yaklaşım geliştirememesi ve teknolojinin pratikteki uygulamaları için daha fazla iyileştirme gerekliliği, bu sorunların başlıcalarıdır. Bu derleme, CRISPR-Cas9 teknolojisinin potansiyelini ve karşılaştığı zorlukları ele alarak, gelecekteki gelişim ve uygulamalarına dair bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CRISPR-Cas9 , Yeni Genomik Teknikler , Gen Düzenleme , Genetik Mühendisliği Tekniği , Gen Terapisi

Kaynakça

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