Sera Gazı Emisyonunun Tarımda İşgücü Verimliliğine Etkisi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Bağlamında Bir Analiz

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin dünyada çeşitli alanlarda yarattığı sorunlar ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri son yıllarda akademik camiada önemle üzerinde durulan konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, iklim değişikliğinin önemli göstergelerinden biri olan sera gazı emisyonunun tarımda işgücü verimliliğine etkisi Avrupa Birliği’nin 1996-2019 verilerinden hareketle zaman serisi analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerle tarımda işgücü verimliliği ile sera gazı emisyonunun eşbütünleşik yani uzun dönemli ilişki içerisinde olduğu ve değişkenler arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Analiz kapsamında ayrıca gerçekleştirilen etki-tepki analizi ile sera gazı emisyonundan kaynaklanan bir etkiye tarımda işgücü verimliliğinin gösterdiği tepkinin zaman içerisinde azalan oranda değiştiği fakat analizin gerçekleştirildiği süreç içerisinde sıfıra yakınsamadığı, tarımda işgücü verimliliğinde yaşanan bir etkinin ise sera gazı emisyonunda negatif bir tepki yarattığı ve yine bu tepkinin analizin gerçekleştirildiği 24 yıllık süreç içerisinde sıfıra yakınsamadığı yani devamlılık taşıdığı gözlenmiştir. Son olarak gerçekleştirilen varyans ayrıştırması sonucunda değişkenlerde ortaya çıkan değişimlerin diğer değişkenden kaynaklanan kısmının zaman içerisinde bir artış gösterdiği fakat değişimlerin büyük ölçüde değişkenlerin kendilerinden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim değişikliği
• hava kirliliği
• sera gazı emisyonu
• işgücü verimliliği
• zaman serisi analizi
• Climate change
• air pollution
• greenhouse gas emissions
• labor productivity
• time series analysis

The Effect Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions On Labor Efficiency In Agriculture: An Analysis In The Context Of The European Union Countries

Öz

In recent years, the academic community has placed a lot of emphasis on the difficulties brought on by climate change in numerous sectors around the world and the solutions that have been proposed. In this direction, time series analysis based on the 1996–2019 data of the European Union was used to analyze the impact of greenhouse gas emissions, one of the key markers of climate change, on labor productivity in agriculture. The analyses conducted revealed that agricultural labor productivity and greenhouse gas emissions are cointegrated, that is, have a long-term relationship, and that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the variables. With the impact-response analysis carried out within the scope of the analysis, it was observed that the response of labor productivity in agriculture to an impact caused by greenhouse gas emissions changed in a decreasing rate over time, but did not converge to zero during the analysis process. Furthermore, it was discovered that an effect on agricultural labor productivity caused a negative reaction in greenhouse gas emissions, and this reaction did not converge to zero over the 24-year period studied, indicating that it was continuous. Finally, as a result of the variance decomposition, it was determined that the part of the changes in the variables caused by the other variable increased over time, but the changes were mostly caused by them.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate change
• air pollution
• greenhouse gas emissions
• labor productivity
• time series analysis

Kaynakça

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