Covid-19 Pandemisinin İşgücü Piyasalarına Yansımaları: Gelir Grupları ve Kırılgan İşgücü Özelinde Bir İrdeleme

Öz

Kasım 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde başlayan ve daha sonra hızla tüm dünyaya yayılan Covid 19 pandemisi, milyonlarca insanın ölümüne ve küresel ekonomide durgunluğa neden olmuş, hem talep hem de arz şokları yaratarak nadir görülecek bir ekonomik konjonktür oluşturmuştur. Pandemi dünya ekonomilerini ve küresel ölçekte işgücü piyasalarını derinden etkilemiştir. Pek çok sektörde üretim önemli ölçüde azalmış, kimi sektörlerde durma noktasına gelmiştir. Bunun sonucunda, işsizlik oranları ve istihdam kayıpları artmış, istihdam örüntüleri değişmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, kapsamlı literatüre ve ILO&IMF veritabanına dayanarak pandeminin dünyada işgücü piyasaları üzerindeki etkilerini hem gelir grupları hem de kırılgan işgücü detayında araştırmaktır. Bulgulara göre, ülkelerin makroekonomik yapıları sözkonusu krizden etkilenme düzeylerini farklılaşırmış, orta ve düşük gelirli ülkelerde işsizlik ve istihdam kayıpları keskinleşmiştir. Ayrıca pandeminin dezavantajlı gruplar üzerindeki etkileri sert olmuş, kadın, genç, göçmen ve çocuk emeği pandemiden farklı şekillerde etkilenmiştir. Pandemi nedeniyle kadınlar işgücü piyasasında kalmakta zorlanmış, gençler işgücü piyasasının dışına itilmiş, NEET oranları artmış, göçmen işçiler önemli istihdam kayıplarına uğramıştır, pandemi küresel düzeyde çocuk işçiliğini de artırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19 pandemisi
• İşgücü piyasaları,
• İşsizlik
• Kırılgan işgücü

Labor Market Reflections Of Covıd-19 Pandemic: A Global Investigation Specific To Income Groups And Vulnerable Workers

Öz

The Covid 19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China in November 2019 and then spread rapidly all over the world, caused the death of millions of people, stagnation in the global economy, and created a rare economic conjuncture by creating both demand and supply shocks. The pandemic has affected world economies and deeply affected the labor markets on a global scale. Production in many sectors has decreased significantly, and in some sectors it has come to a standstill. As a result, unemployment rates and employment losses have increased and employment patterns have changed. Main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the pandemic on labour markets around the world in terms of both income groups and vulnerable labour based on the extensive literature and ILO&IMF database. According to the findings, the macroeconomic structures of the countries have differentiated their levels of being affected by the crisis, while unemployment and employment losses were felt sharply in middle and low-income countries. Moreover, impacts of the pandemic on disadvantaged groups have been harsh, women, youth, migrant and child labor have been affected in different ways by the pandemic. Due to the pandemic, women had difficulty in staying in the labor market, young people were left out of the labor market and NEET rates increased, migrant workers also experienced significant employment losses, the pandemic has also increased child labor globally.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19 pandemic
• Labor markets
• unemployment
• vulnerable workers

Kaynakça

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