COVID-19 Salgına Yönelik Toplumun Bilgi Düzeyi ile Korku Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Web Tabanlı Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 927 - 942, 31.12.2021

Tekin Sancar , Fuat Yalman

https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.946267

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, COVID-19 salgınına yönelik toplumun bilgi düzeylerini ve korku düzeylerini analiz etmek ve bilgi düzeyi ile korku düzeyi arasındaki yapısal ilişkiyi yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test etmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye nüfusu içinde yer alan 18-65 yaş arası kişiler oluşturmuştur. Veriler online anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Değerlendirmeye alınan ve verilerin analizinde kullanılan toplam anket sayısı 790 dır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26 ve AMOS 24 paket programları kullanılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t testi, ANOVA testi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulanmıştır. Toplumun COVID-19 salgınıyla ilgili bilgi düzeyleri yüksekti. Ayrıca kadınların COVID-19 salgını ile ilgili korku düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Yapısal eşitlik analizi, COVID-19 bilgi düzeyinin COVID-19 korku düzeyi üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin kabul edilebilir bir uyum indeksine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak katılımcıların yaşı, eğitim düzeyi, meslekleri, kronik hastalık varlığı ve COVID-19 salgını sonrası hastane ziyaretleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. COVID-19 bilgi düzeyinin, COVID-19 korku düzeyi üzerinde doğrudan bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve aralarında pozitif bir ilişkinin var olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilgi Düzeyi, Korku Düzeyi, COVID-19 Salgını, Toplum

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen bir kuruluş yoktur.

The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Fear Level of Society Regarding the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectıonal Web-Based Survey

Öz

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge levels and fear levels of society regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey and to test the structural relationship between knowledge level and fear level with structural equation modelling. The universe of the study consisted of people included in the population of Turkey, who aged 18 to 65 years. The data were collected by online questionnaire technique. The total number of questionnaires evaluated and used in data analysis is 790. SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 package programs were used in the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, ANOVA test and structural equation modelling were applied. The community's level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19 outbreak was high. In addition, women's levels of fear related to the COVID-19 outbreak were found to be higher. Structural equation analysis revealed the direct effect positively of the COVID-19 knowledge level on COVID-19 fear level have an acceptable index of fit. However, no significant relationship was found between participants' age, education level, jobs, presence of chronic disease, and hospital visits after the COVID-19 outbreak. It has been observed that the COVID-19 knowledge level has a direct effect on the COVID-19 fear level and there is a positive relationship between them.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Knowledge Level, Fear Level, COVID-19 Outbreak, Society

Kaynakça

• Abdelhafiz, A., Mohammed, Z., Ibrahim, M., Ziady, H., Alorabi, M., Ayyad, M. & Sulstan, E. A. (2020). Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitude of Egyptians Towards the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Journal of Community Health, 45(5), 881-890.
• Ahmed, M. A., Rehab, H. E., Mahdi, A. A. & Maher, E. (2020). Knowledge and attitudes towards Middle East respiratory sydrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among health care workers in south-western Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J., 26(4), 435-442. , https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.19.079.
• Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D. & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 of COVID- 19 Scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
• Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 50: 102014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102014 PMID: 32240958
• Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press.
• Buhr, K. & Dugas M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-45.
• Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Clements, J. (2020). Knowledge and Behaviors Toward COVID-19 Among US Residents During the Early Days of the Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(2):e19161. https://doi.org/10.2196/19161 PMID: 32369759
• Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, 39-50.
• Funk, S., Gilad, E., Watkins, C. & Jansen V. A. A. (2009). The spread of awareness and its impact on epidemic outbreaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(16), 6872–6877.
• Gökçay, G. & Keskindemirci, G. (2020). Breastmilk and COVID‐19. J Ist Faculty Med., 1‐5. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2020.0025 (Original article published in Turkish).
• Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, p.21-35
• Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y. & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 49(1), 1-3.
• Hossain, M. A., Jahid, M. I. K., Hossain, K. M. A., Walton, L. M., Uddin, Z., Haque, M. O. et al. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE, 15(9): e0239646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0239646
• Huang, L. and Rong, Liu H. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and nursing college students during COVID‐19 outbreak. MedRxiv., https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.05.20031898.
• Labrague, L. J. & Santos, J De los. (2020). Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among front line nurses. Doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-35366/v1
• Mamun, S. (2020). Covid-19: Bangladesh records highest 45 deaths, 3,171 cases in a day. [Internet] Dhaka Tribune [cited 3rd July 2020]. Available from: https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020//09/covid-19-record-45-deaths-and-3171-fresh-cases-in-a-day
• Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical Methods For Health Care Research. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p.351-376.
• Musinguzi, G. & Asamoah, B. O. (2020) The science of social distancing and total lock down: Does it work? Whom does it benefit?. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6): em230.
• Nhu, H. V., Tuyet‑Hanh, T. T., Van, N. T. A., Linh, T. N. Q. & Tien, T. Q. (2020). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of the Vietnamese as Key Factors in Controlling COVID‑19. Journal of Community Health, 45, 1263–1269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00919-4
• Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E. & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Ahead of Print https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
• Pappas, G., Kiriaze, I. J., Giannakis, P. & Falagas, M .E. (2009) Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect, 15(8), 743-747.
• Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066.
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health (2020). COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) Guide-General Information, Epidemiology and Diagnosis. Study of Scientific Board, https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/covid19/Ingilizce/Rehber/COVID-19_Rehberi__Genel_bilgiler_epidemiyoloji_ve_tani_8.06.2020_eng.pdf
• Roy, D. Tripathy, S., Kar, S., Sharma, N., Verma, S. & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of Knowledge, Attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51:102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083 PMID: 32283510
• Saravanan, C., Mahmoud, I., Elshami, W. & Taha, M. H. (2020). Knowledge, Anxiety, Fear, and Psychological Distress About COVID-19 Among University Students in the United Arab Emirates. Front. Psychiatry, 11, 582189. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582189.
• Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M. & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci, 74(4), 281-282.
• Shiina, A., Niitsu, T., Kobori, O., Idemoto, K., Hashimoto, T., Sasaki, T., Igarashi, Y., Shimizu, E., Nakazato, M., Hashimoto, K. & Iyo, M. (2020). Relationship between perception and anxiety about COVID-19 infection and risk behaviors for spreading infection: A national survey in Japan. ELSEVİER. 6, 1-8.
• Söğüt, S. & Dolu, İ. (2020). The relationship between COVID‐19 knowledge levels and anxiety states of midwifery students during the outbreak: A cross‐sectional web‐based survey. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 1-7, DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12555.
• Turkish Academy Of Sciences (2020). The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak Turkish Academy of Sciences Publications, TÜBA Report No: 39, ISBN: 978-605-2249-51-2, Ankara.
• World Health Organization (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during covıd‐19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf?sfvrsn=6d3578af_8. Accessed March 22, 2020.
• Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (SPSS applied scientific research methods). Turkey: Detay Yayıncılık.