INVESTIGATION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT ITEM TYPES: PISA 2015 TURKEY SAMPLE

Öz

The aim of the present study was to reveal the psychometric properties of the items in the cognitive test of PISA 2015 assessing scientific literacy according to different item types and to examine scientific literacy in relation to different independent variables. In the sample of PISA 2015 Turkey, 175 students from 5895 students were included in the study with the aim of researching. Descriptive statistics and various hypothesis tests were used to obtain the findings of the research. When scientific literacy and item difficulty averages for all three item types were examined, students with a high level of scientific literacy level were more successful at responding to constructed response (CR) items, while students with a low level of scientific literacy were more successful at answering multiple choice (MC) items. Male students were more successful than female students in responding to MC and complex multiple choice (CMC) items, while female students were more successful than male students in answering CR items. It was found that students with a high level of economic, social and cultural status were more successful than those with a low level of economic, social and cultural status. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• item types,PISA,scientific literacy,multiple choice items,complex multiple choice items,constructed response items

FARKLI MADDE TÜRLERİNE GÖRE FEN OKURYAZARLIĞININ İNCELENMESİ: PISA 2015 TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı madde türlerine göre PISA 2015 fen okuryazarlığı bilişsel testinde yer alan maddelerin psikometrik özelliklerini ortaya koymak ve farklı madde türlerinden elde edilen fen okuryazarlığı puanlarını farklı bağımsız değişkenlere göre incelemektir. PISA 2015 Türkiye örnekleminde yer alan 5895 öğrenciden, araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda 175 öğrenci çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya iki fen kümesinde yer alan toplam 35 fen okuryazarlığı maddesi alınmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularını elde edebilmek için betimsel istatistikler ve çeşitli hipotez testleri kullanılmıştır. Çoktan seçmeli (ÇS) maddelerin daha kolay olmasının yanında ayırt ediciliğinin oldukça düşük olduğu; cevabı yazılan (CY) maddelerin ise diğer madde türlerine göre zor ve ayırt ediciliğinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Karmaşık çoktan seçmeli (KÇS) maddelerin ise ÇS maddeleri ile benzer bir madde güçlüğüne sahip olmasıyla birlikte, ayırt ediciliğinin ÇS maddelerine göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Üç ayrı madde türündeki fen okuryazarlığı ve madde güçlük ortalamaları incelendiğinde, fen okuryazarlık düzeyi yüksek olan öğrencilerin CY maddelerinde; fen okuryazarlık düzeyi düşük olan öğrencilerin ise ÇS maddelerinde daha başarılı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Erkek öğrenciler ÇS ve KÇS maddelerinde kız öğrencilere göre daha başarılı bulunurken kız öğrenciler ise CY maddelerinde erkek öğrencilere göre daha başarılı bulunmuştur. Üst ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel duruma sahip öğrencilerin tüm madde türlerinde alt ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel duruma sahip öğrencilere göre daha başarılı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan madde türü sınıflandırması PISA 2015 uygulamasına aittir. Farklı madde türü sınıflandırmaları ile bu araştırma tekrar edilebilir. Ayrıca fen okuryazarlık düzeyi düşük, orta ve yüksek olan ülkelerden elde edilecek örneklemler üzerinden benzer bir çalışma yürütülebilir. Bu araştırma doğrultusunda Türkiye’de, özellikle merkezi sınavlarda farklı soru türlerinin birlikte kullanılması yönünde atılan adımların olumlu sonuçlar verebileceği düşünülmektedir. Farklı madde türlerinin fen başarısının belirlenmesinde birlikte kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Madde türü,PISA,fen okuryazarlığı,çoktan seçmeli maddeler,karmaşık çoktan seçmeli maddeler,yapılandırılmış cevaplı maddeler

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