Developing an Instrument to Evaluate the Noticing Skills of Pre-Service Science Teachers

Öz

Science teachers need to attend to students’ science-related thoughts in a learning environment with many complex factors, analyze these thoughts, and plan the next step of their teaching. These essential competencies, commonly referred to as "noticing skills," are indispensable for any proficient teacher. However, the use of research tools, such as video cameras and clips, to collect data on these skills from both teachers and pre-service teachers can prove to be both costly and time-inefficient. Therefore, this study has two purposes: (1) to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that is easy to apply, low-cost, and provides rich data to measure pre-service science teachers’ noticing skills, and (2) to determine the level of pre-service science teachers’ noticing skills. Accordingly, student experiment reports were designed in the context of inquiry and the content of electrical circuits and used as a data collection tool. Expert opinion was taken, and a pilot study was conducted to provide validity. Inter-coder reliability was ensured during the analysis by using the coding list and rubrics. The results showed that the designed student experiment reports were valid and reliable for measuring pre-service science teachers’ noticing skills. The results also revealed that pre-service science teachers’ noticing skills were at a low level. Accordingly, pre-service science teachers mostly focused on more general elements rather than students’ thoughts about electrical circuits, analyzed the students’ thoughts and skills at a low level, and were not effective in planning the next step of teaching. Suggestions were made regarding the use of the measurement tool and the pre-service science teachers’ noticing skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• electric circuits
• inquiry skills
• pre-service science teachers
• student experiment reports
• teacher noticing skills

Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Fark Etme Becerilerini Ölçmeye Yönelik Bir Aracın Tasarlanması

Öz

Fen bilgisi öğretmenlerinin farklı türde çok sayıda etmenin yer aldığı öğrenme ortamlarında öğrencilerin fen ile ilişkili düşüncelerine katılmaları, analiz etmeleri ve öğretimlerinin bir sonraki adımını planlamaları gerekmektedir. Fark etme becerisi olarak isimlendirilen bu beceriler yetkin bir öğretmenin etkili bir şekilde yerine getirmesi gereken uygulamalardır. Ancak öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının bu becerileri hakkında veri toplamak için araştırmalarda kullanılan video kamera ve video klip gibi araçların yüksek maliyetli ve zaman açısından verimsiz olmaları yapılacak çalışmaları güçleştirmektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmanın iki amacı vardır: (1) fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fark etme becerilerini ölçmek için uygulanması kolay, düşük maliyetli ve zengin bir veri sağlayan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmek ve (2) fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fark etme becerilerinin seviyesini belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda araştırma sorgulama bağlamında ve elektrik devreleri içeriğinde öğrenci deney raporları tasarlanarak veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışması için uzman görüşü alınmış ve fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarıyla pilot çalışması yapılmıştır. Kodlama listesi ve rubrikler kullanılarak analizler sırasında kodlayıcılar arası güvenirlik sağlanmıştır. Sonuçlar tasarlanan öğrenci deney raporlarının fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fark etme becerilerini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fark etme becerilerinin yeterince iyi bir seviyede olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna göre fen bilgisi öğretmen adayları çoğunlukla öğrencilerin fen ile ilişkili olan düşünceleri yerine daha genel öğelere katılım göstermiş, öğrencilerin düşünceleri ve becerilerine katılım gösterdiği öğeleri genellikle düşük bir seviyede analiz etmiş ve öğrenmenin bir sonraki adımını planlamada yeterince etkili olamamışlardır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre tasarlanan ölçme aracının kullanımı ve fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fark etme becerilerine ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• araştırma sorgulama becerileri
• elektrik devreleri
• fark etme becerileri
• fen bilgisi öğretmen adayları
• öğrenci deney raporları

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