Araştırma Makalesi
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The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 129 - 162, 01.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520838

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı otizmli çocuk ebeveynlerinin eş
destek algıları ile evlilik doyumunun düzeyi, yordayıcıları ve kaynaklarını
ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nicel ve nitel verilerin kullanıldığı
bir karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 0-6 yaş arasında otizmli çocuğu
olan 147 ve aynı yaş aralığında normal gelişim gösteren çocuğu olan 142 ebeveyn
katılmıştır. Tüm katılımcıların evlilik süreleri 2-16 yıl arasında
değişmektedir. Nicel veriler Eş Destek Ölçeği ve Evlilik Yaşamı Ölçeği
aracılığıyla toplanmış, verilerin analizinde çok yönlü MANOVA testi ve
regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Nitel veriler ise 9 baba ve 12 anneden üç
ayrı odak grup görüşmesi aracılığıyla toplanmış ve içerik analizi yapılmıştır.
Nicel bulgular otizmli çocuk ebeveynlerinin normal gelişim gösteren çocuk
ebeveynlerine göre hem eşlerinden gördükleri destek algılarının hem de evlilik
doyum düzeylerinin düşük olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İki grup eş destek
algısının alt boyutları bakımından karşılaştırıldığında; otizmli çocuk
ebeveynlerinin duygusal destek, takdir etme desteği ve sosyal ilgi desteği
algılarının normal çocuk ebeveynlerinden düşük olduğu, iki grubun sadece maddi
yardım ve bilgi desteği algısı bakımından farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca otizmli çocuk annelerinin evlilik doyumlarının anlamlı yordayıcıları sırasıyla
duygusal destek, takdir etme desteği, sosyal ilgi desteği ve maddi yardım ve
bilgi desteği iken; babaların evlilik doyumunda sadece takdir etme desteği
anlamlı bir yordayıcıdır. Nitel veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen
Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Nitel analizlerde
evlilik doyumunda hem anneler hem de babalar için “çocuğun engel durumunu kabul
etme” ve “partner olarak birbirine zaman ayırma”, sadece anneler için “çocuğun
sorumluluğunu paylaşma”, “eşi tarafından yalnız bırakılma” ve “partner olarak
duygusal paylaşımda bulunma”, sadece babalar için ise “takdir görme” ve
“iletişimsel sorunlardan kaynaklı anlaşılamama” evlilik doyumunda ana temalar
olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular otizmli çocuğa sahip anne ve babalara
verilecek psikolojik desteğin onlar için ön plana çıkan sorunlar temelinde
yürütülmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca bulgular ebeveynlerin evlilik ve
eş destek algısı düzeylerinin başka hangi dinamiklerle ilgili olabileceğinin
araştırılması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Bayat, M., Salehi, M., Bozorgnezhad, A. & Asghari, A. (2011). The comparison of psychological problems between parents of intellectual disabilities children and parents of normal children. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(4), 471-475.
  • Benson, P. R. & Kersh, J. (2011). Marital quality and psychological adjustment among mothers of children with ASD: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(12), 1675-1685.
  • Bowling, A. (2002). Research methods in health: Investigating health and health services (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: McGraw-Hill House.
  • Brobst, J. B., Clopton, J. R. & Hendrick, S. S. (2009). Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders the couple’s relationship. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24, 38–49. doi:10.1177/1088357608323699.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. (12. Baskı.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Can, A. (2016). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Allen & Unwin: Sydney.
  • Cuzzocrea, F., Larcan, R. & Westh, F. (2013) Family and parental functioning in parents of disabled children, Nordic Psychology, 65 (3), 271-287. doi:10.1080/19012276.2013.824201.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Dabrowska, A. & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre‐school children with autism and down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(3), 266-280. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01258.x.
  • Doig, J. L., McLennan, J. D. & Urichuk, L. (2009). ‘Jumping through hoops’: parents' experiences with seeking respite care for children with special needs. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(2), 234-242.
  • Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., Harold, G. T. & Osborne, L. N. (1997). Marital satisfaction and depression: Different causal relationships for men and women?. Psychological Science, 8(5), 351-356.
  • Fowers, B. J. & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176-185.
  • Gau, S. S. F., Chou, M. C., Chiang, H. L., Lee, J. C., Wong, C. C., Chou, W. J. & Wu, Y. Y. (2012). Parental adjustment, marital relationship, and family function in families of children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 263-270.
  • Harper, A., Dyches, T. T., Harper, J., Roper, S. O. & South, M. (2013). Respite care, marital quality, and stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2604-2616. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1812-0.
  • Hartley, S. L., Barker, E. T., Seltzer, M. M., Floyd, F., Greenberg, J., Orsmond, G. & Bolt, D. (2010). The relative risk and timing of divorce in families of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), 449-457.
  • Hartley, S. L., Barker, E. T., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S. & Floyd, F. J. (2011). Marital satisfaction and parenting experiences of mothers and fathers of adolescents and adults with autism. American Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 116(1), 81-95. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-116.1.81.
  • Hartley, S. L., DaWalt, L. S. & Schultz, H. M. (2017). Daily Couple Experiences and Parent Affect in Families of Children with Versus Without Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(6), 1645-1658. doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3088-2.
  • Hartley, S. L., Mihaila, I., Otalora‐Fadner, H. S. & Bussanich, P. M. (2014). Division of labor in families of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Family Relations, 63(5), 627-638.
  • Hastings, R. P., Beck, A. & Hill, C. (2005). Positive contributions made by children with an intellectual disability in the family: Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), 155-165. doi.org/10.1177/1744629505053930.
  • Hayes, S. A. & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629-642.
  • Higgins, D. J., Bailey, S. R. & Pearce, J. C. (2005). Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 9(2), 125-137. doi:10.1177/1362361305051403.
  • Hoffman, C. D., Sweeney, D. P., Hodge, D., Lopez-Wagner, M. C. & Looney, L. (2009). Parenting stress and closeness: Mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24(3), 178-187.
  • Hoogsteen, L. & Woodgate, R. L. (2013). Centering autism within the family: A qualitative approach to autism and the family. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(2), 135-140.
  • Huang, Y. T., Ososkie, J. & Hsu, T. H. (2011). Impact on marital and sibling relationships of Taiwanese families who have a child with a disability. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 213-232.
  • Javanmard, G., Mohammadi, R. & Pourakbaran, E. (2016). The mediating role of the couplesâ mental health in mental health and marital satisfaction of each one. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 18(4), 196-201.
  • Kersh, J., Hedvat, T. T., Hauser‐Cram, P. & Warfield, M. E. (2006). The contribution of marital quality to the well‐being of parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(12), 883-893. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00906.x.
  • Kilic, D., Gencdogan, B., Bag, B. & Arıcan, D. (2013). Psychosocial problems and marital adjustments of families caring for a child with intellectual disability. Sexuality and Disability, 31(3), 287-296.
  • Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Leung, C. L. K. & Wong, D. F. K. (2014). Marital satisfaction of Chinese mothers of children with autism and intellectual disabilities in Hong Kong. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(12), 1156-1171. doi:10.1111/jir.12116.
  • Langley, E., Totsika, V. & Hastings, R. P. (2017). Parental relationship satisfaction in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A multilevel analysis. Autism Research, 10(7), 1259-1268. doi:10.1002/aur.1773.
  • Lee, G. K. (2009). Parents of children with high functioning autism: How well do they cope and adjust?. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 21(2), 93-114.
  • Lee, L. C., Harrington, R. A., Louie, B. B. & Newschaffer, C. J. (2008). Children with autism: Quality of life and parental concerns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0491-0.
  • Lloyd, T. & Hastings, R. P. (2008). Psychological variables as correlates of adjustment in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities: cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(1), 37-48.
  • Montes, G. & Halterman, J. S. (2007). Psychological functioning and coping among mothers of children with autism: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 119(5), e1040-e1046. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2819.
  • Neece, C. & Baker, B. (2008). Predicting maternal parenting stress in middle childhood: The roles of child intellectual status, behaviour problems and social skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), 1114-1128.
  • Norlin, D. & Broberg, M. (2013). Parents of children with and without intellectual disability: couple relationship and individual well‐being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(6), 552-566.
  • Osborne, L. A. & Reed, P. (2010). Stress and self-perceived parenting behaviors of parents of children with autistic spectrum conditions. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(3), 405-414.
  • Özşenol, F., Işıkhan, V., Ünay, B., Aydın, H.İ., Akın, R. ve Gökçay, E. (2003). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin aile işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi. 45(2);156-164.
  • Öztürk, E. (2006). Parametrik olmayan (non-parametric) hipotez testleri. Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. (2. Baskı). içinde (129-182). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Parker, J. A., Mandleco, B., Olsen-Roper, S., Freeborn, D. & Dyches, T. T. (2011). Religiosity, spirituality, and marital relationships of parents raising a typically developing child or a child with a disability. Journal of Family Nursing, 17(1), 82-104. doi:10.1177/1074840710394856.
  • Saini, M., Stoddart, K. P., Gibson, M., Morris, R., Barrett, D., Muskat, B., ... & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2015). Couple relationships among parents of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Findings from a scoping review of the literature. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 17, 142-157.
  • Singer, G. H. (2006). Meta-analysis of comparative studies of depression in mothers of children with and without developmental disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111(3), 155-169.
  • Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Almeida, D. M. & Bishop, S. L. (2010). Daily experiences among mothers of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 167-178.
  • Sobsey, D. (2004). Marital Stability and Marital Satisfaction in Families of Children with Disabilities: Chicken or Egg?. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 32(1), 62-83.
  • Stoneman, Z. & Gavidia-Payne, S. (2006). Marital adjustment in families of young children with disabilities: Associations with daily hassles and problem-focused coping. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111(1), 1-14.
  • Tezer, E. (1996). Evlilik İlişkisinden Sağlanan Doyum: Evlilik Yaşamı Ölçeği. Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(7), 1-7.
  • Tümlü, C. ve Akdoğan, R. (2018). Engelli Çocuğu Kabullenme: Annelerle Nitel Bir Çalışma, 2. Uluslararası Erken Çocuklukta Müdahale Kongresi, 186-187.
  • Woodgate, R. L., Ateah, C. & Secco, L. (2008). Living in a world of our own: The experience of parents who have a child with autism. Qualitative Health Research, 18(8), 1075-1083.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2004). Eş destek ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi [Development of the Co-Support Scale]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(22), 19⎼26.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 129 - 162, 01.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520838

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bayat, M., Salehi, M., Bozorgnezhad, A. & Asghari, A. (2011). The comparison of psychological problems between parents of intellectual disabilities children and parents of normal children. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(4), 471-475.
  • Benson, P. R. & Kersh, J. (2011). Marital quality and psychological adjustment among mothers of children with ASD: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(12), 1675-1685.
  • Bowling, A. (2002). Research methods in health: Investigating health and health services (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: McGraw-Hill House.
  • Brobst, J. B., Clopton, J. R. & Hendrick, S. S. (2009). Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders the couple’s relationship. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24, 38–49. doi:10.1177/1088357608323699.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. (12. Baskı.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Can, A. (2016). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Allen & Unwin: Sydney.
  • Cuzzocrea, F., Larcan, R. & Westh, F. (2013) Family and parental functioning in parents of disabled children, Nordic Psychology, 65 (3), 271-287. doi:10.1080/19012276.2013.824201.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Dabrowska, A. & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre‐school children with autism and down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(3), 266-280. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01258.x.
  • Doig, J. L., McLennan, J. D. & Urichuk, L. (2009). ‘Jumping through hoops’: parents' experiences with seeking respite care for children with special needs. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(2), 234-242.
  • Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., Harold, G. T. & Osborne, L. N. (1997). Marital satisfaction and depression: Different causal relationships for men and women?. Psychological Science, 8(5), 351-356.
  • Fowers, B. J. & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176-185.
  • Gau, S. S. F., Chou, M. C., Chiang, H. L., Lee, J. C., Wong, C. C., Chou, W. J. & Wu, Y. Y. (2012). Parental adjustment, marital relationship, and family function in families of children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 263-270.
  • Harper, A., Dyches, T. T., Harper, J., Roper, S. O. & South, M. (2013). Respite care, marital quality, and stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2604-2616. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1812-0.
  • Hartley, S. L., Barker, E. T., Seltzer, M. M., Floyd, F., Greenberg, J., Orsmond, G. & Bolt, D. (2010). The relative risk and timing of divorce in families of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), 449-457.
  • Hartley, S. L., Barker, E. T., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S. & Floyd, F. J. (2011). Marital satisfaction and parenting experiences of mothers and fathers of adolescents and adults with autism. American Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 116(1), 81-95. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-116.1.81.
  • Hartley, S. L., DaWalt, L. S. & Schultz, H. M. (2017). Daily Couple Experiences and Parent Affect in Families of Children with Versus Without Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(6), 1645-1658. doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3088-2.
  • Hartley, S. L., Mihaila, I., Otalora‐Fadner, H. S. & Bussanich, P. M. (2014). Division of labor in families of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Family Relations, 63(5), 627-638.
  • Hastings, R. P., Beck, A. & Hill, C. (2005). Positive contributions made by children with an intellectual disability in the family: Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), 155-165. doi.org/10.1177/1744629505053930.
  • Hayes, S. A. & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629-642.
  • Higgins, D. J., Bailey, S. R. & Pearce, J. C. (2005). Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 9(2), 125-137. doi:10.1177/1362361305051403.
  • Hoffman, C. D., Sweeney, D. P., Hodge, D., Lopez-Wagner, M. C. & Looney, L. (2009). Parenting stress and closeness: Mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24(3), 178-187.
  • Hoogsteen, L. & Woodgate, R. L. (2013). Centering autism within the family: A qualitative approach to autism and the family. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(2), 135-140.
  • Huang, Y. T., Ososkie, J. & Hsu, T. H. (2011). Impact on marital and sibling relationships of Taiwanese families who have a child with a disability. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 213-232.
  • Javanmard, G., Mohammadi, R. & Pourakbaran, E. (2016). The mediating role of the couplesâ mental health in mental health and marital satisfaction of each one. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 18(4), 196-201.
  • Kersh, J., Hedvat, T. T., Hauser‐Cram, P. & Warfield, M. E. (2006). The contribution of marital quality to the well‐being of parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(12), 883-893. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00906.x.
  • Kilic, D., Gencdogan, B., Bag, B. & Arıcan, D. (2013). Psychosocial problems and marital adjustments of families caring for a child with intellectual disability. Sexuality and Disability, 31(3), 287-296.
  • Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Leung, C. L. K. & Wong, D. F. K. (2014). Marital satisfaction of Chinese mothers of children with autism and intellectual disabilities in Hong Kong. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(12), 1156-1171. doi:10.1111/jir.12116.
  • Langley, E., Totsika, V. & Hastings, R. P. (2017). Parental relationship satisfaction in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A multilevel analysis. Autism Research, 10(7), 1259-1268. doi:10.1002/aur.1773.
  • Lee, G. K. (2009). Parents of children with high functioning autism: How well do they cope and adjust?. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 21(2), 93-114.
  • Lee, L. C., Harrington, R. A., Louie, B. B. & Newschaffer, C. J. (2008). Children with autism: Quality of life and parental concerns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0491-0.
  • Lloyd, T. & Hastings, R. P. (2008). Psychological variables as correlates of adjustment in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities: cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(1), 37-48.
  • Montes, G. & Halterman, J. S. (2007). Psychological functioning and coping among mothers of children with autism: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 119(5), e1040-e1046. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2819.
  • Neece, C. & Baker, B. (2008). Predicting maternal parenting stress in middle childhood: The roles of child intellectual status, behaviour problems and social skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), 1114-1128.
  • Norlin, D. & Broberg, M. (2013). Parents of children with and without intellectual disability: couple relationship and individual well‐being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(6), 552-566.
  • Osborne, L. A. & Reed, P. (2010). Stress and self-perceived parenting behaviors of parents of children with autistic spectrum conditions. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(3), 405-414.
  • Özşenol, F., Işıkhan, V., Ünay, B., Aydın, H.İ., Akın, R. ve Gökçay, E. (2003). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin aile işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi. 45(2);156-164.
  • Öztürk, E. (2006). Parametrik olmayan (non-parametric) hipotez testleri. Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. (2. Baskı). içinde (129-182). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Parker, J. A., Mandleco, B., Olsen-Roper, S., Freeborn, D. & Dyches, T. T. (2011). Religiosity, spirituality, and marital relationships of parents raising a typically developing child or a child with a disability. Journal of Family Nursing, 17(1), 82-104. doi:10.1177/1074840710394856.
  • Saini, M., Stoddart, K. P., Gibson, M., Morris, R., Barrett, D., Muskat, B., ... & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2015). Couple relationships among parents of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Findings from a scoping review of the literature. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 17, 142-157.
  • Singer, G. H. (2006). Meta-analysis of comparative studies of depression in mothers of children with and without developmental disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111(3), 155-169.
  • Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Almeida, D. M. & Bishop, S. L. (2010). Daily experiences among mothers of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 167-178.
  • Sobsey, D. (2004). Marital Stability and Marital Satisfaction in Families of Children with Disabilities: Chicken or Egg?. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 32(1), 62-83.
  • Stoneman, Z. & Gavidia-Payne, S. (2006). Marital adjustment in families of young children with disabilities: Associations with daily hassles and problem-focused coping. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111(1), 1-14.
  • Tezer, E. (1996). Evlilik İlişkisinden Sağlanan Doyum: Evlilik Yaşamı Ölçeği. Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(7), 1-7.
  • Tümlü, C. ve Akdoğan, R. (2018). Engelli Çocuğu Kabullenme: Annelerle Nitel Bir Çalışma, 2. Uluslararası Erken Çocuklukta Müdahale Kongresi, 186-187.
  • Woodgate, R. L., Ateah, C. & Secco, L. (2008). Living in a world of our own: The experience of parents who have a child with autism. Qualitative Health Research, 18(8), 1075-1083.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2004). Eş destek ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi [Development of the Co-Support Scale]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(22), 19⎼26.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cem Tümlü Bu kişi benim

Ramazan Akdoğan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tümlü, C., & Akdoğan, R. (2019). The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 9(1), 129-162. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520838
AMA Tümlü C, Akdoğan R. The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study. AJESI. Şubat 2019;9(1):129-162. doi:10.18039/ajesi.520838
Chicago Tümlü, Cem, ve Ramazan Akdoğan. “The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children With Autism: A Mixed Method Study”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 9, sy. 1 (Şubat 2019): 129-62. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520838.
EndNote Tümlü C, Akdoğan R (01 Şubat 2019) The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 9 1 129–162.
IEEE C. Tümlü ve R. Akdoğan, “The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study”, AJESI, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 129–162, 2019, doi: 10.18039/ajesi.520838.
ISNAD Tümlü, Cem - Akdoğan, Ramazan. “The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children With Autism: A Mixed Method Study”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 9/1 (Şubat 2019), 129-162. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520838.
JAMA Tümlü C, Akdoğan R. The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study. AJESI. 2019;9:129–162.
MLA Tümlü, Cem ve Ramazan Akdoğan. “The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children With Autism: A Mixed Method Study”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, c. 9, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 129-62, doi:10.18039/ajesi.520838.
Vancouver Tümlü C, Akdoğan R. The Dynamics of Marital Satisfaction of the Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Method Study. AJESI. 2019;9(1):129-62.