Farklı Kurutma Yöntemi ve Damıtma Süresinin Biberiyenin Uçucu Yağ Bileşimi ve Antioksidan İçeriği Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 186 - 194, 18.12.2024

Muharrem Gölükcü , Orçun Çınar , Haluk Tokgöz , Fatma Uysal Bayar , Temel Özek

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1603558

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı kurutma yöntemleri ve distilasyon sürelerinin biberiyenin antioksidan ve uçucu yağ içeriği üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Biberiye özütünün uçucu yağ içerikleri hidrodistilasyon yöntemi, uçucu yağların bileşimi de GC-FID/MS cihaz ile belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağı alınanan örneklerin antioksidan bileşen analizleri LC-MS/MS kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Her uygulamadan sonra karnosol ve karnosik asit içerikleri (LC/MS-MS) ve uçucu yağ bileşen (GC-MS) analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurutulan örneklerde en yüksek uçucu yağ (%2.34), karnosol (%0.62) ve karnosik asit (%0.85) içerikleri 45C'de kurutlmuş örneklerde belirlenmiştir. Kurutma sıcaklığına göre örneklerin uçucu yağ bileşiminde bazı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin analizi yapılan kalite parametreleri distilasyon sürelerine göre de önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Distilasyon sürelerine göre en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı ve antioksidan içeriği 120 dakikalık süresinde tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak biberiyeden hem uçucu yağ hem de antioksidan (karnasol ve karnosik asit) üretmek için 45C'de kurutmanın uygun olduğu, kurutulan örneklerden uçucu yağ elde etmek için de 120 dakikalık hidrodistilasyon uygulamasının yeterli olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Biberiye uçucu yağı üretiminden arta kalan bitkisel materyalin daha sonra karnosol ve karnosik asit üretiminde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar biberiyeden uçucu yağ ve antioksidan üretiminin entegre bir şekilde yapılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rosmarinus officinalis, Kurutma, Distilasyon süresi, Uçucu yağ, Antioksidan

Effect of Different Drying Methods and Distillation Times on Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Content of Rosemary

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different drying methods and distillation times on the antioxidant and essential oil contents of rosemary. The essential oil content of rosemary extracts was determined using hydrodistillation and its composition by GC-FID/MS. The antioxidant content of deoiled materials was quantified on the LC-MS/MS. Carnosol and carnosic acid contents (LC/MS-MS) and essential oil compositions (GC-MS) were determined after each treatment. The highest essential oil (2.34%), carnosol (0.62%), and carnosic acid (0.85%) contents of dried samples were determined at 45C. Some variations were also observed in the essential oil composition of dried samples. These quality parameters showed significant variations over different distillation times. And, the distillation time of 120 min was determined more appropriate to obtain essential oils and antioxidant compounds at a high yield. To produce rosemary extracts with a high content of essential oils and antioxidant compounds, it is highly recommended that the fresh plants should be first dried at 45C, and then dried samples should be processed into essential oils by hydrodistillation for 120 min. The remnants of plant materials from the production of rosemary essential oil could be used to produce carnosol and carnosic acid. Eventually, essential oils and antioxidant compounds should be extracted from rosemary in an integrated manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rosmarinus officinalis, Drying, Distillation time, Essential oil, Antioxidant

Kaynakça

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