Gender Biases in Artificial Intelligence Models: A Quantitative Study on ChatGPT and Copilot

Öz

This study aims to reveal whether generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools used in a wide range of fields from health to employment today exhibit a gender-biased attitude while producing information. The sample of the study was determined as ChatGPT and Copilot, which are AI tools that also stand out with their visual production features, using the purposeful sampling method. Nineteen professions and twenty positive personality traits were requested from these AI tools, and the gender with which the generated profession and personality traits were most associated was analyzed. The data was analyzed with the content analysis technique and the distribution of the visuals by gender was examined. In the findings obtained as a result of the study; it was seen that the male gender was associated with problem-solving, technically skilled and high-status professions, while the female gender was identified with a small number of professions that were predominantly artistic and aesthetic. Similarly, in the findings regarding positive personality traits, the representation of many traits was associated with the male gender. As a result, it was understood that the AI tools in the sample worked with a male-biased approach and contributed to the reproduction of male-biased assumptions in the results they produced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelliengence
• Gender Bias
• Content Analysis
• ChatGPT
• Copilot

Yapay Zekâ Modellerinde Cinsiyet Ön Yargıları: ChatGPT ve Copilot Üzerine Nicel Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, günümüzde sağlıktan istihdama kadar çok çeşitli alanlarda kullanılan üretken yapay zekâ (YZ) araçlarının, bilgi üretirken cinsiyet konusunda ön yargılı bir tutum sergileyip sergilemediğini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak görsel üretme özellikleriyle de öne çıkan YZ araçlarından ChatGPT ve Copilot olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu YZ araçlarından on dokuz meslek ve yirmi olumlu kişilik özelliğinin görselinin istemi yapılarak, üretilen meslek ve kişilik özelliklerinin görsellerinin en çok hangi cinsiyet ile ilişkilendirildiği analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi içerik analizi tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve görsellerin cinsiyetlere göre dağılımları incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgularda; erkek cinsiyetinin sorun çözen, teknik beceri gerektiren ve yüksek statü içeren mesleklerle ilişkilendirildiği, kadın cinsiyetinin ise sanat ve estetik yönü ağır basan az sayıda meslekle özdeşleştirildiği görülmüştür. Olumlu kişilik özellikleriyle ilgili bulgularda da benzer şekilde birçok özelliğin temsili erkek cinsiyetiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak örneklemde yer alan YZ araçlarının erkek yanlı bir yaklaşımla çalıştığı ve ortaya koyduğu sonuçlarda erkek yanlı kabullerin yeniden üretimine katkı sunduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ
• Cinsiyet Ön Yargısı
• İçerik Analizi
• ChatGPT
• Copilot

Etik Beyan

Çalışma etik kurul raporu gerektirmemektedir.

Kaynakça

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