DETERMİNATİON OF HMF CONTENT, ANTİOXİDANT ACTİVİTY AND PHYSİCOCHEMİCAL PROPERTİES OF POMEGRANATE JUİCE AND MOLASSES

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 838 - 845, 04.08.2025

Tuğça Bilenler , Ülkühan Bağış , İhsan Karabulut

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1576154

Öz

In this study, five different brands of pomegranate molasses samples with national sales were purchased from local markets in Malatya, Turkey. Additionally, fresh pomegranate juice obtained from pomegranates ourchased from the grocery store was used as a control sample in the study. The samples were investigated for their antioxidant capacity, some physicochemical properties, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content. It was found that all samples exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of fresh pomegranate juice (86.98 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), anthocyanin (95.98 mg/L), and ascorbic acid (0.55 mg/mL) levels were higher than those of all pomegranate molasses samples (ranging from 15.56-22.32 mg GAE/g DW, 3.77-24.37 mg/L, and 0.03-0.04 mg/mL, respectively). In all samples, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were detected, with higher amounts in pomegranate molasses samples due to their higher concentration. Citric acid was identified as the dominant organic acid in all samples. Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified in both fresh pomegranate juice and pomegranate molasses samples, with gallic acid, procyanidin B1 and epicatechin standing out as the most abundant phenolic compounds. It was observed that the amounts of all phenolic compounds detected in fresh pomegranate juice were higher than those found in pomegranate molasses samples. While the lowest HMF amount was determined in fresh pomegranate juice (0.15 mg/kg DW), it was found that the HMF content in five commercial pomegranate molasses samples (104.86-426.02 mg/kg DW) did not comply with the TS 12720 standard (50 mg/kg DW).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant , Phenolic Compound , HMF , Pomegranate molasses

NAR SUYU VE NAR EKŞİSİ ÖRNEKLERİNİN HMF İÇERİKLERİ, ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTE VE FİZİKOKİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada ulusal düzeyde satışı olan beş farklı marka nar ekşisi örnekleri Malatya’da (Türkiye) bulunan yerel marketlerden temin edilmiştir. Ayrıca manavdan temin edilen nardan elde edilen taze nar suyu çalışmada kontrol örneği olarak kullanılmıştır. Örnekler antioksidan kapasite, bazı fizikokimyasal özelikleri ve hidroksimetil furfural (HMF) içerikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Tüm örneklerin güçlü antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Taze nar suyunun toplam fenolik içeriği (86.98 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/g kuru ağırlık (KA), antosiyanin (95.98 mg/L) ve askorbik asit (0.55 mg/mL) miktarlarının tüm nar ekşisi örneklerine kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (sırası ile 15.56-22.32 mg GAE/g KA, 3.77-24.37 mg/L ve 0.03-0.04 mg/mL). Daha konsantre olmaları nedeni ile nar ekşisi örneklerinde daha yüksek miktarlarda olmak üzere tüm örneklerde glikoz, fruktoz ve sukroz belirlenmiştir. Sitrik asidin tüm örneklerde baskın organik asit olduğu görülmüştür. Hem taze nar suyu hem de nar ekşisi örneklerinde 13 fenolik bileşik belirlenmiştir. Bunlar arasında gallik asit, prosiyanidin B1 ve epikateşin miktar olarak öne çıkan fenolik bileşikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Taze nar suyunda tespit edilen tüm fenolik bileşiklerin nar ekşisi örneklerine kıyasla daha yüksek miktarlarda oldukları gözlemlenmiştir. En düşük HMF miktarı taze nar suyunda (0.15 mg/kg KA) belirlenirken, 5 ticari nar ekşisi örneklerinin HMF içeriğinin (104.86-426.02 mg/kg KA) TS 12720 standardına (50 mg/kg KA) uyum göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioksidan , Fenolik Bileşik , HMF , Nar Ekşisi

Kaynakça

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