The Relationship between Travel Motivations and Satisfaction Levels of Tourists: Canonical Correlation Analysis
Yıl 2019,
, 981 - 994, 30.09.2019
Çiğdem Özkan
,
Nilay Koleoğlu
Öz
The
aim of this study is to determine the relationships between the travel
motivations and satisfaction levels of tourists visiting the ancient city of
Assos. 166 participants from among the visitors of the ancient city of Assos
participated in the field research. The findings of the research suggest
participants have higher education levels, prefer to stay in boutique hotels
and have an average stay of 3-4 days. It has been concluded that the main
travel motivation of most participants is “to visit historical and cultural
heritage”. A Canonical
Correlation Analysis on the collected data reveals a strong association
between the variables of “socialization” and “Satisfaction with the
characteristics of the ancient City of Assos,”
a moderate association between the variables of “Socialization” and “
Satisfaction in terms of Meeting Expectations,” and a weak association between the variables of
“Socialization” and “Average Satisfaction”.
Kaynakça
- Altunel, M. Cevdet ve Kahraman N. (2012). Kültür Turisti Tipolojilerinin Belirlenmesi: İstanbul Örneği, Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(1): 7-18.
- Altunışik, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., ve Yıldırım, E. (2002). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Spss Uygulamalı, Adapazarı: Sakarya Kitabevi.
- Alzau, A., O’Leary, J.T. Morrisson, A.M. (1998) Cultural and Heritage Tourism: Identifying niches for international travellers, The Hournal of Tourism Studies, 2(9): 2-13.
- Aydın, S. Ve Sezerel H. (2017). Seyahat Motivasyonlarına İlişkin Bir Yazın İncelemesi, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 7(2):118-140.
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models, Psychological Bulletin, 107: 238- 246.
- Caber, M.ve Albayrak T. (2016). Push or pull? Identify in Grock Climbing Tourists' motivations, Tourism Management, 55: 74-84.
- Churchill, G. A. and Surprenant, C. (1982).An Investigation Into the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction, Journal of Marketing Research, 9. Retrieved from:
http://www.geocities.ws/matthew_lau2002/Downloads/Satisfaction_churchill.pdf. in 12 March 2015.
- Correia, A., do Valle, P. O., ve Moço, C. (2007). Modeling motivations and perceptions of Portuguese tourists, Journal of Business Research, 60(1): 76-80.
- Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation, Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4): 408-424.
- Dick, A. S., ve Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward An İntegrated Conceptual Framework, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2): 99-113.
- Doğaner, S., (2003). Miras Turizminin Coğrafi Kaynakları ve Korunması, Coğrafi Çevre Koruma Turizm Sempozyumu (16-18Nisan 2003) Bildiri Kitabı, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat
Fak. Yay., 1-8, İzmir.
- Gegez, A. E. (2007). Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
- Hardoon, D. R., Szedmak, S. ve Shawe-Taylor, J. (2004). Canonical Correlation Analysis: An Overview with Application to Learning Methods, Neural Computation, 16(12):
2639–2664.
- Harman, S. (2014). Bağımsız Seyahat Eden Yerli Gezginlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(21): 107-128.
- Hotelling, H. (1936). Relations Between Two Sets of Variates, Biometrika, 28 (3-4): 321–377.
- http://www.dosim.gov.tr/assets/documents/2017.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 31.10.2019)
- Hughes, H. ve Allen, D. (2005) Cultural Tourism in Central and Eastern Europe: The Views of Induced Image Formation Agents, Tourism Management, 26:173- 183.
- Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a Social Psychological Theory of Tourism Motivation: A rejoinder, Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256-262.
- Işığıçok, E. (1999). Kanonik Korelasyon Çözümlemesi: Bursa’daki 500 Büyük Firmanın Girdi ve Çıktı Değişkenleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama, IV. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik
Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Antalya.
- İçöz, O. (1998). Seyahat Acentaları ve Tur Operatörlüğü, 2. Baskı, Ankara: Turhan Kitapevi.
- Jafari, J. (Editor) (2000). Encyclopedia of Tourism, Londra ve New York: Routledge.
- Jang, S. S., ve Wu, C. M. E. (2006). Seniors’ Travel Motivation and The İnfluential Factors: An Examination of Taiwanese Seniors, Tourism Management, 27(2): 306- 316.
- Kasim, A.,Dzakiria, H., Park, C., Azila, N., Nor, M. ve Mokhtar, F.M. (2013). Predictors of Travel Motivations: The Case of Domestic Tourists to Island Destinations in Northwest
of Malaysia, Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism Research, 24 (2): 188-205.
- Keskin, S. ve Özsoy, A. N., (2004). Kanonik Korelasyon Analiz ve Bir Uygulaması, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1): 67-71.
- Kızılırmak İ. ve Kurtuldu H. ( 2005) Kültürel Turizmin Önemi ve Tüketici Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Çalışma, Ticaret Turizm ve Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1.
- Kim, S. S., Lee, C. -K., ve Klenosky, D. B. (2003). The influence of push and pull factors at Korean national parks, Tourism Management, 24(2): 169–180.
- Kozak M. (2000). Comparative Analysis of Tourist Motivations by Nationlity, Tourism Management, 23: 221-232.
- Lawrence, F. (2008). The Future of Ecotourism and Cultural Tourism and the Effects on The World, The Consortium Journal, 12(1): 79–84.
- Manly, B., F. J. (2005), Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, London: Chapman&Hall/CRC.
- Mckercher, B. (2002). Towards Classification of Cultural Tourists, International Journal of Tourism Research, 4: 29-38.
- Meng, F., Tepanon, Y., ve Uysal, M. (2008). Measuring Tourist Satisfaction by Attribute and Motivation: The Case of a Nature-Based Resort, Journal of Vacation Marketing,
14(1): 41-56.
- Mısırlı İ. (2010). Seyahat Acentacılığı ve Tur Operatörlüğü. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Negruşa, A. L., ve Yolal, M., (2012). Cultural Tourism Motivation–The Case of Romanian Youths. Annals of Faculty of Economics, 1(1): 548-553.
- Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty?, Journal of Marketing, 63: 33-44.
- Özel Ç. H. ve Kozak N. (2012). Motive Based Segmentation of the Cultural Tourism Market: A Study of Turkish Domestic Tourists, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality &
Tourism, 13(3):165-186.
- Paris, C., & Teye, V. (2010). Understanding Backpacker Motivations: A Travel Career Approach, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 1(9): 244-259.
- Peter, J Paul and Olson, C. Jerry. (2010).Consumer Behavior & Marketing Strategy. Ninth Edition, Irvin:McGraw-Hill.
- Ravar, A. Sidonia & Mahika, C. (2013). What Motivates Cultural Tourists? An Analysis Of Bucharest Inhabitants’ Motivation To Visit The Centre Region," Annals of Faculty of
Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, 1(1):825-834.
- Richards. G. (1994). Developments in European cultural tourism. In Tourism: The State of the Art. A. Seaton. C. lenkins. R. Wood. P. Pieke. M. Bennett. L. MacLellan. and R.
Smith, eds.; pp.-366-376. Chichester: Wiley.
- Sherry, A. ve Henson, R.K. (2005). Conducting and Interpreting Canonical Correlation Analysis in Personality Research: A User-Friendly Primer, Journal of Personality
Assessment, 84(1), 37-48.
- Spielberg, Ted. (1995). Cultural Tourism and Business Opportunities for Museums and Heritage Sites, Tourism Management, (16), 5.
- Swarbrooke, J. ve Horney, S. (2007). Consumer Behaviour in Tourism. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
- Şimşek- Kandemir, A. (2018). Çalışma Hayatı ve Sosyal Yaşam Arasındaki İlişkinin Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi İle İncelenmesi, Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science
Researches, 7(3): 2025-2038.
- Thompson, B. (2000). Canonical Correlation Analysis. In L. Grimm & P. Yarnold (Eds.). Reading And Understanding More Multivariate Statistics, Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
- Tribe, J. and Snaith, T. (1998). From Servqual to Holsat: Holiday Satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba, Tourism Management, 19(1): 25-34.
- Truong, T-H. and Foster, D. (2006). Using Holsat to Evaluate Tourist Satisfaction at Destination: The Case of Australina Holidaymarkers in Vietnam, Tourism Management, 27.
- Valle, P. O. Do, Silva Joao A., Mendes J. Ve Guerreiro M. (2006). Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty İntention: A Structural and Categorical Analysis, Int. Journal of
Business Sicence and Applied Mnagement,1(1):25-44.
- Witt, C. A., and Wright, P. (1992). Tourist Motivation: Life After Maslow. In P. Johnson, & B. Thomas (Eds.), Choice and Demand in Tourism, 33–56. London: Mansell.
- Xu J. Bill. Ve Chan S. (2016). A new Nature-Based Tourism Motivation Model: Testing The Moderating Effects of The Push Motivation, Tourism Management Perspectives, 18:
107-110.
- Yolal, M., ve Negruşa, A. L. (2012). Analysis of Cultural Tourism Motivation: The Case of Turkish Students, Chinese Business Review, 11(3): 283-291.
- Yoon, Y., ve Uysal, M. (2005). An, Examination of The Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: A Structural Model Tourism Management, 26(1): 45-56.
Turistlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları ve Memnuniyet Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki: Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi
Yıl 2019,
, 981 - 994, 30.09.2019
Çiğdem Özkan
,
Nilay Koleoğlu
Öz
Katılımcıların çoğunun temel seyahat motivasyonunun
“tarihi ve kültürel mirası ziyaret” olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kanonik
Koralesyon analizine göre; “sosyalleşme” ile “Assos Antik Kenti Özellikleri
Açısından Memnuniyet” değişkeni arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu, “Sosyalleşme”
ile “Beklentiler karşılama açısından memnuniyet” değişkeni arasında orta
düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu”, “sosyalleşme” ile “ortalama memnuniyet” değişkeni
arasında ilişkinin zayıf olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. yapmaktadırlar.Bu araştırmanın amacı,
Assos Antik Kent’ine gelen turistlerin seyahat motivasyonları ile memnuniyet
düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Yapılan alan
araştırmasında Assos Antik Kentini ziyarete gelen turistlerden veri
toplanmıştır. Araştırrmaya166 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen
sonuçlara göre; araştırmaya katılanların eğitim seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu,
butik otellerde kalmayı tercih ettikleri ve ortalama 3-4 gün arasında konaklama
Kaynakça
- Altunel, M. Cevdet ve Kahraman N. (2012). Kültür Turisti Tipolojilerinin Belirlenmesi: İstanbul Örneği, Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(1): 7-18.
- Altunışik, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., ve Yıldırım, E. (2002). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Spss Uygulamalı, Adapazarı: Sakarya Kitabevi.
- Alzau, A., O’Leary, J.T. Morrisson, A.M. (1998) Cultural and Heritage Tourism: Identifying niches for international travellers, The Hournal of Tourism Studies, 2(9): 2-13.
- Aydın, S. Ve Sezerel H. (2017). Seyahat Motivasyonlarına İlişkin Bir Yazın İncelemesi, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 7(2):118-140.
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models, Psychological Bulletin, 107: 238- 246.
- Caber, M.ve Albayrak T. (2016). Push or pull? Identify in Grock Climbing Tourists' motivations, Tourism Management, 55: 74-84.
- Churchill, G. A. and Surprenant, C. (1982).An Investigation Into the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction, Journal of Marketing Research, 9. Retrieved from:
http://www.geocities.ws/matthew_lau2002/Downloads/Satisfaction_churchill.pdf. in 12 March 2015.
- Correia, A., do Valle, P. O., ve Moço, C. (2007). Modeling motivations and perceptions of Portuguese tourists, Journal of Business Research, 60(1): 76-80.
- Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation, Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4): 408-424.
- Dick, A. S., ve Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward An İntegrated Conceptual Framework, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2): 99-113.
- Doğaner, S., (2003). Miras Turizminin Coğrafi Kaynakları ve Korunması, Coğrafi Çevre Koruma Turizm Sempozyumu (16-18Nisan 2003) Bildiri Kitabı, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat
Fak. Yay., 1-8, İzmir.
- Gegez, A. E. (2007). Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
- Hardoon, D. R., Szedmak, S. ve Shawe-Taylor, J. (2004). Canonical Correlation Analysis: An Overview with Application to Learning Methods, Neural Computation, 16(12):
2639–2664.
- Harman, S. (2014). Bağımsız Seyahat Eden Yerli Gezginlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(21): 107-128.
- Hotelling, H. (1936). Relations Between Two Sets of Variates, Biometrika, 28 (3-4): 321–377.
- http://www.dosim.gov.tr/assets/documents/2017.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 31.10.2019)
- Hughes, H. ve Allen, D. (2005) Cultural Tourism in Central and Eastern Europe: The Views of Induced Image Formation Agents, Tourism Management, 26:173- 183.
- Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a Social Psychological Theory of Tourism Motivation: A rejoinder, Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256-262.
- Işığıçok, E. (1999). Kanonik Korelasyon Çözümlemesi: Bursa’daki 500 Büyük Firmanın Girdi ve Çıktı Değişkenleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama, IV. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik
Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Antalya.
- İçöz, O. (1998). Seyahat Acentaları ve Tur Operatörlüğü, 2. Baskı, Ankara: Turhan Kitapevi.
- Jafari, J. (Editor) (2000). Encyclopedia of Tourism, Londra ve New York: Routledge.
- Jang, S. S., ve Wu, C. M. E. (2006). Seniors’ Travel Motivation and The İnfluential Factors: An Examination of Taiwanese Seniors, Tourism Management, 27(2): 306- 316.
- Kasim, A.,Dzakiria, H., Park, C., Azila, N., Nor, M. ve Mokhtar, F.M. (2013). Predictors of Travel Motivations: The Case of Domestic Tourists to Island Destinations in Northwest
of Malaysia, Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism Research, 24 (2): 188-205.
- Keskin, S. ve Özsoy, A. N., (2004). Kanonik Korelasyon Analiz ve Bir Uygulaması, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1): 67-71.
- Kızılırmak İ. ve Kurtuldu H. ( 2005) Kültürel Turizmin Önemi ve Tüketici Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Çalışma, Ticaret Turizm ve Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1.
- Kim, S. S., Lee, C. -K., ve Klenosky, D. B. (2003). The influence of push and pull factors at Korean national parks, Tourism Management, 24(2): 169–180.
- Kozak M. (2000). Comparative Analysis of Tourist Motivations by Nationlity, Tourism Management, 23: 221-232.
- Lawrence, F. (2008). The Future of Ecotourism and Cultural Tourism and the Effects on The World, The Consortium Journal, 12(1): 79–84.
- Manly, B., F. J. (2005), Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, London: Chapman&Hall/CRC.
- Mckercher, B. (2002). Towards Classification of Cultural Tourists, International Journal of Tourism Research, 4: 29-38.
- Meng, F., Tepanon, Y., ve Uysal, M. (2008). Measuring Tourist Satisfaction by Attribute and Motivation: The Case of a Nature-Based Resort, Journal of Vacation Marketing,
14(1): 41-56.
- Mısırlı İ. (2010). Seyahat Acentacılığı ve Tur Operatörlüğü. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Negruşa, A. L., ve Yolal, M., (2012). Cultural Tourism Motivation–The Case of Romanian Youths. Annals of Faculty of Economics, 1(1): 548-553.
- Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty?, Journal of Marketing, 63: 33-44.
- Özel Ç. H. ve Kozak N. (2012). Motive Based Segmentation of the Cultural Tourism Market: A Study of Turkish Domestic Tourists, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality &
Tourism, 13(3):165-186.
- Paris, C., & Teye, V. (2010). Understanding Backpacker Motivations: A Travel Career Approach, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 1(9): 244-259.
- Peter, J Paul and Olson, C. Jerry. (2010).Consumer Behavior & Marketing Strategy. Ninth Edition, Irvin:McGraw-Hill.
- Ravar, A. Sidonia & Mahika, C. (2013). What Motivates Cultural Tourists? An Analysis Of Bucharest Inhabitants’ Motivation To Visit The Centre Region," Annals of Faculty of
Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, 1(1):825-834.
- Richards. G. (1994). Developments in European cultural tourism. In Tourism: The State of the Art. A. Seaton. C. lenkins. R. Wood. P. Pieke. M. Bennett. L. MacLellan. and R.
Smith, eds.; pp.-366-376. Chichester: Wiley.
- Sherry, A. ve Henson, R.K. (2005). Conducting and Interpreting Canonical Correlation Analysis in Personality Research: A User-Friendly Primer, Journal of Personality
Assessment, 84(1), 37-48.
- Spielberg, Ted. (1995). Cultural Tourism and Business Opportunities for Museums and Heritage Sites, Tourism Management, (16), 5.
- Swarbrooke, J. ve Horney, S. (2007). Consumer Behaviour in Tourism. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
- Şimşek- Kandemir, A. (2018). Çalışma Hayatı ve Sosyal Yaşam Arasındaki İlişkinin Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi İle İncelenmesi, Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science
Researches, 7(3): 2025-2038.
- Thompson, B. (2000). Canonical Correlation Analysis. In L. Grimm & P. Yarnold (Eds.). Reading And Understanding More Multivariate Statistics, Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
- Tribe, J. and Snaith, T. (1998). From Servqual to Holsat: Holiday Satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba, Tourism Management, 19(1): 25-34.
- Truong, T-H. and Foster, D. (2006). Using Holsat to Evaluate Tourist Satisfaction at Destination: The Case of Australina Holidaymarkers in Vietnam, Tourism Management, 27.
- Valle, P. O. Do, Silva Joao A., Mendes J. Ve Guerreiro M. (2006). Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty İntention: A Structural and Categorical Analysis, Int. Journal of
Business Sicence and Applied Mnagement,1(1):25-44.
- Witt, C. A., and Wright, P. (1992). Tourist Motivation: Life After Maslow. In P. Johnson, & B. Thomas (Eds.), Choice and Demand in Tourism, 33–56. London: Mansell.
- Xu J. Bill. Ve Chan S. (2016). A new Nature-Based Tourism Motivation Model: Testing The Moderating Effects of The Push Motivation, Tourism Management Perspectives, 18:
107-110.
- Yolal, M., ve Negruşa, A. L. (2012). Analysis of Cultural Tourism Motivation: The Case of Turkish Students, Chinese Business Review, 11(3): 283-291.
- Yoon, Y., ve Uysal, M. (2005). An, Examination of The Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: A Structural Model Tourism Management, 26(1): 45-56.