EN
TR
Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis
Öz
In this study, an unsigned oil painting from the Istanbul University Faculty of Letters collection, featuring an unknown painter and date, was subjected to dating and authentication processes. The painting exhibits a landscape on one surface and a nude female portrait on the other. Both surfaces were examined using visible light (VIS), raking light (RAK), ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR) light sources. For organic and inorganic pigment analyses, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were employed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized for binder and primer layer analyses, and a stereo microscope was used for fiber analysis. Additionally, Dendrochronology analysis was conducted to determine the type of wood and age of the painting's chassis. Art historical research provided insights into the painting's stylistic and technical aspects, as well as the artistic features of the composition, despite the unknown artist and year. HPLC analysis within the scope of pigment research indicated the absence of organic pigments, while SEM-EDX analysis identified ultramarine, cadmium red, manganese oxide, guignet green, lead red (minium), zinc white, lead white, Verona green, ivory/bone black, lithopone, molybdate red, permanent white, Prussian blue, Brunswick green, zirconium oxide, and black iron oxide. FTIR analyses have determined that the binder used in the paints of the painting is linseed oil. Fiber analysis determined that the canvas was made of linen. Dendrochronology analysis of the chassis dated it to 1913, although it was noted that processed wood could not be precisely dated. All analytical results were evaluated to establish an approximate date for the painting. Additionally, comparisons were drawn with painters who produced similar works, providing further context for the painting's authentication.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University
Proje Numarası
37788
Etik Beyan
No ethics committee approval is required.
Teşekkür
This study was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Project Number: 37788. The authors are deeply grateful to the Scientific Research Projects Coordination.
Within the scope of the study, we would like to extend our gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kamil Gören and Assistant Prof. Dr. Ahmet Özel for their contributions to art history examinations, to Prof. Dr. Ünal Akkemik, Head of the Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, for performing and interpreting dendrochronology analyses, and to Prof. Dr. Recep Karadağ for sharing his expertise in conducting and interpreting scientific analyses such as HPLC, FTIR-ATR, SEM-EDX, and fiber analysis.
Kaynakça
- Baytar, M. (2014). 1839-1960 Batı Anlayışına Dönük Türk Resim Sanatında Sanatın Nesnesi ve Öznesi Olarak Dönem Sanatçılarının İnsan Figürüne Yaklaşımı. (Sanatta Yeterlilik Eser Çalışması). İstanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sanat ve Tasarım Ana Sanat Dalı.
- Bilici Genç, B., Eskici, B. & Caner, E. (2021). Duvar Resimlerinin İncelenmesinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Multispektral Görüntüleme Yöntemleri, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 25(3), 667-684.
- Çağlar Eryurt, B. (2017). Ankara Devlet Resim ve Heykel Müzesi Koleksiyonu’nda Bulunan Bir Grup Yağlı Boya Tuval Resminin Korunmasına Yönelik Araştırma ve Uygulama Çalışmaları [Doktora Tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Çoban, İ. & Hasan I. (2019). Cumhuriyet Sonrası Türk Resminde Konya’yı Tema Edinen Sanatçılar ve Eserleri. İdil, 64, 1869-1894.
- Eastaugh, N., Walsh, V., Chaplin, T., & Siddall, R. (2008). Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments, Routledge.
- Giray, K. (2004). Cumhuriyet’in İlk Ressamları, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
- Feller, R. L., (Ed). (2012). Artist’s Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characterisctics, Volume 1, London: Washington Archetype Publications.
- Fitzhugh, E. W. (Ed). (1997). Artist’s Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characterisctic, Volume 3, London: Washington Archetype Publications.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Sanat Tarihi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Erken Görünüm Tarihi
25 Şubat 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
28 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi
7 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi
15 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2025 Sayı: 31
APA
Küçük, B., & Emre, G. (2025). Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis. Anasay, 31, 80-106. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1614702
AMA
1.Küçük B, Emre G. Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis. Anasay. 2025;(31):80-106. doi:10.33404/anasay.1614702
Chicago
Küçük, Betül, ve Gülder Emre. 2025. “Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis”. Anasay, sy 31: 80-106. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1614702.
EndNote
Küçük B, Emre G (01 Şubat 2025) Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis. Anasay 31 80–106.
IEEE
[1]B. Küçük ve G. Emre, “Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis”, Anasay, sy 31, ss. 80–106, Şub. 2025, doi: 10.33404/anasay.1614702.
ISNAD
Küçük, Betül - Emre, Gülder. “Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis”. Anasay. 31 (01 Şubat 2025): 80-106. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1614702.
JAMA
1.Küçük B, Emre G. Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis. Anasay. 2025;:80–106.
MLA
Küçük, Betül, ve Gülder Emre. “Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis”. Anasay, sy 31, Şubat 2025, ss. 80-106, doi:10.33404/anasay.1614702.
Vancouver
1.Betül Küçük, Gülder Emre. Copying and Forgery in Oil Paintings: Researching and Application Example of Identification of Authenticity by Scientific Analysis. Anasay. 01 Şubat 2025;(31):80-106. doi:10.33404/anasay.1614702