Comparative Analysis of News Articles Written by Artificial Intelligence and Journalists

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine, using quantitative content analysis, the differences that emerge when algorithms and journalists report on the same topics. In this context, the differences in news produced by algorithms and journalists were analyzed using quantitative data. The sample was determined using purposive sampling. The sample consists of 30 news articles generated by algorithms in English on the topics of sports, economics, weather, earthquakes, technology and forest fires and 30 news articles written by journalists in English on the same topics. The research included news texts, headlines, sources, numerical data and visuals related to the news in its analysis. The study found several quantitative differences between news generated by algorithms and news written by journalists. It was determined that journalists use more words and include more visual elements (photos, videos, etc.) when writing news texts and headlines compared to algorithms. Furthermore, journalists more frequently use numerical data when reporting on an event compared to algorithms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ
• Algoritmalar
• Gazeteci
• Sentetik Haberler

Yapay Zekâ ve Gazeteciler Tarafından Yazılan Haberlerin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, algoritmaların ürettiği haberlerle gazeteciler tarafından yazılan aynı konuları ele alan haberleri nicel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, algoritmalar ve gazeteciler tarafından üretilen haberlerdeki farklılıklar, niceliksel veriler bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Algoritmalar tarafından İngilizce olarak üretilmiş spor, ekonomi, hava durumu, deprem, teknoloji ve orman yangını konulu 30 haber ile aynı konuları ele alan gazeteciler tarafından İngilizce olarak yazılmış 30 haber araştırma örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında haber metinleri, başlıklar, kaynaklar, sayısal ifadeler ve haberlerle ilgili görseller analiz birimine dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmayla algoritmalar tarafından üretilen haberlerle, gazetecilerin yazdığı haberler arasında birtakım niceliksel farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gazetecilerin haber metni ve haber başlığı yazarken, algoritmalara kıyasla daha fazla kelime kullandığı, aynı zamanda algoritmalara kıyasla daha fazla görsel unsura (fotoğraf, video, vb.) yer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca gazeteciler bir olayı haberleştirirken algoritmalara kıyasla sayısal verilere daha sık başvurmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ
• Algoritmalar
• Gazeteci
• Sentetik Haberler

Kaynakça

1. Amponsah, P. N., & Atianashie, A. M. (2024). Navigating the New Frontier: A Comprehensive Review of AI in Journalism. Advances in Journalism and Communication,12, 1- 17.
2. Banafi, W. (2024). A review of the role of artificial intelligence in Journalism. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 3951–3961.
3. Baptista, J. P., Rivas-de-Roca, R., Gradim, A., & Pérez-Curiel, C. (2025). Human-made news vs AI-generated news: a comparison of Portuguese and Spanish journalism students’ evaluations. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 1-9.
4. Beckett, C., & Yaseen, M. (2023). Generating Change A global survey of what news organisations are doing with AI. https://www.aiunplugged.io/wpcontent/uploads/2023/10/Generating-Change-A-global-survey-of-what-news-organisations-aredoing-with-AI-By-Cyber-Gear.pdf adresinden alındı
5. Boyles, J. L., & Meisinger, J. (2018). Automation and Adaptation: Reshaping journalistic labor in the newsroom library. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New MediaTechnologies 26 (1), 78–192.
6. Coe, K., & Scacco, J. M. (2017). Content Analysis, Quantitative. J. Matthes içinde, The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods (s. 346–356). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
7. Coleman, R., & Wasike, B. (2004). Visual Elements in Public Journalism Newspapers in an Election: A Content Analysis of the Photographs and Graphics in Campaign 2000. Journal of Communication, 54(3), 456-473.
8. Diakopoulos, N., & Johnson, D. (2020). Anticipating and addressing the ethical implications of deepfakes in the context of elections. New Media & Society, 23(7), 2072-2098.

9. Fang, X., Che2, S., Mao, M., Zhang, H., Zhao, M., & Zhao, X. (2023). Bias of AIGenerated Content: An Examination of News Produced by Large Language Models. Fang, X., Che, S., Mao, M., Zhang, H., Zhao, M., & Zhao, X. (2023). Bias of AI-generated content: an examination of news produced by large language models. Scientific Reports, 14.
10. García-Faroldi, L., Teruel, L., & Blanco, S. (2025). Unmasking AI’s Role in the Age of Disinformation: Friend or Foe? Journalism and Media, 6(1), 19, 1-16.
11. Garibashvili, M., & Lazviashvili, S. (2025). AI vs Human News Headlines: A Comparative Study of Syntax and Emotional Language. Intercultural Dialogues Transactions, 8, , 282-288.
12. Gherheş, V., Fărcaşiu, M. A., Cernicova-Buca, M., & Coman, C. (2025). AI vs. HumanAuthored Headlines: Evaluating the Effectiveness, Trust, and Linguistic Features of ChatGPTGenerated Clickbait and Informative Headlines in Digital News. Information,16, 150.
13. Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to Automated Journalism. Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University.
14. Humlum, A., & Vestergaard, E. (2024). The Adoption of ChatGPT. University Of Chicago.: https://bfi.uchicago.edu/insights/the-adoption-of-chatgpt/ adresinden alındı
15. Kieslich, K., Diakopoulos, N., & Helberger, N. (2025). Anticipating impacts: using large-scale scenario-writing to explore diverse implications of generative AI in the news environment. AI and Ethics, 4555–4577.
16. Kim, W., & Ryoo, Y. (2026). The literacy paradox: How AI literacy amplifies biases in evaluating AI-generated news articles. International Journal of Information Management (86).
17. Kotenidis, E., & Veglis, A. (2021). Algorithmic journalism—Current applications and future perspectives. Journalism and Media 2, 244-257.
18. Maier, S. R. (2002). Numbers in the News: a mathematics audit of a daily newspaper. Journalism Studies, Volume 3, Number 4, 507–519.
19. Marconi, F. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Journalism. Columbia University Press.
20. Matich, P., Thomson, T. J., & Thomas, R. J. (2025). Old Threats, New Name? Generative AI and Visual Journalism. Journalism Practice, Vol. 19, No.10, 2402-2421.
21. Molla, M. A., & Ahsan, M. M. (2025). Artificial intelligence and journalism: A systematic bibliometric and thematic analysis of global research. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 20.
22. Nj Advance Media. (2025). N.J. weather: Thunderstorms, 60 mph winds possible tonight. Flood watch expands to 16 counties. Nj.com: https://www.nj.com/weather/2025/05/nj-weatherthunderstorms-60-mph-winds-possible-tonight-flood-watch-expands-to-16-counties.html adresinden alındı.
23. Paivio, A. (1986). ental representations: A dual-coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Pavlik, J. (1999). New Media and News: Implications for the Future of Journalism. New Media & Society 1(1), 54-59.
25. Peña-Alonso, U., Peña-Fernández, S., & Meso-Ayerdi, K. (2025). Journalists’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation Risks. Journalism and Media, 6(3), 133., 1-15.
26. Peña-Fernández, S., Meso-Ayerdi, K., Larrondo-Ureta, A., & Díaz-Noci, J. (2023). Without journalists, there is no journalism: the social dimension of generative artificial intelligence in the media. Profesional de la información, v. 32, n. 2.
27. Rafeeq, A. (2025). Multimedia Storytelling in Online Journalism: Analysing Multimedia Use on the Websites TheGuardian.com, TheNationalnews.com, USAToday.com, and Stuff.co.nz. Journalism and Media, 6(3), 157.
28. Rahman, A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Scientific Reports, Volume: 6, Issue: 1, 56-65.
29. Riffe, D., Lacy, S., & G.Fico, F. (2005). ANALYZING MEDIA MESSAGES Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research 3rd edn. . London:: Lawrence Erlbaum.
30. Salaverría, R., & de-Lima-Santos, M.-F. (2020). Towards Ubiquitous Journalism: Impacts of IoT on News. J. Vázquez-Herrero, S. Direito-Rebollal, A. Silva-Rodríguez, & X. López-García içinde, Journalistic Metamorphosis Studies in Big Data, vol 70 (s. 1-15). Cham: Springer.
31. Schneider, K. (2000). The Emergence and Development of Headlines in British Newspapers. F. Ungerer içinde, English Media Texts Past and Present (s. 45-65). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins .
32. Sonni, A. F., Hafied, H., Irwanto, I., & Latuheru, R. (2024). Digital Newsroom Transformation: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalistic Practices, News Narratives, and Ethical Challenges. Journalism and Media 5, 1554-1570.
33. Tandoc, E. C., Wu, S., Tan, J., & Contreras-Yap, S. (2022). What is (automated) news? A content analysis of algorithm-written news articles. Revista Media & Jornalismo, 22(41), 103- 120.
34. Thomson, T. J., Thomas, R. J., & Matich, P. (2024). Generative Visual AI in News Organizations: Challenges, Opportunities, Perceptions, and Policies. Digital Journalism, 1-22.
35. Torrijos, J. L., & Bran, C. T. (2019). Automated sports journalism. The AnaFut case study, the bot developed by El Confidencial for writing football match reports . Doxa Comunicación, 29, 235-254.
36. Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty, and Trust in News. Social Media + Society, 6(1).
37. Yuan, F., Shi, R., & Li, Z. (2024). AI-Assisted News Content Creation: Enhancing Journalistic Efficiency and Content Quality Through Automated Summarization and Headline Generation. Applied and Computational Engineering,94, 112-117.
38. Zhang, X. (2025). AI Embedded in News: Innovation of Smart Production on News Ecosystem. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Practice, Vol. 8 Num. 3.
39. Zhaxylykbayeva, R., Burkitbayeva, A., Zhakhyp, B., Kabylgazina, K., & Ashirbekova, G. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Journalistic Ethics: A Comparative Analysis of AI-Generated Content and Traditional Journalism. Journalism and Media, 6(3), 105., 1-22.