Adaletsizlik Algısı, Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali, Sinizm ve Çalışan Sessizliği Arasındaki İlişkiler Üzerine Görgül Bir Araştırma
Yıl 2018,
, 229 - 239, 15.12.2018
İlksun Didem Ülbeği
,
Esengül İplik
Öz
Bu çalışmada adaletsizlik algısı, psikolojik sözleşme
ihlali algısı, çalışan sessizliği ve sinizm arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı
etkiler incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 244 özel sektör
çalışanından anket yapılarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları çalışmadaki
değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuçlara göre
adaletsizlik algısının sinizm üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik sözleşme ihlali
ile çalışan sessizliğinin aracılık rolleri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca adaletsizlik
algısının sinizme etkisinde psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ve çalışan sessizliğinin
seri aracılık etkileri de tespit edilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: Bases and consequences. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
- Akanbi, P. A., & Ofoegbu, O. E. (2013). Impact of perceived organizational justice on organizational commitment of a food and beverage firm in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(14), 207-218.
- Aküzüm, C. (2014). The effect of perceived organizational justice on teachers’ silence: A practice in primary education ınstitutions. International J. Soc. Sci. & Education, 5(1), 95-107.
- Andersson, L. M., & Bateman, T. S. (1997). Cynicism in the Workplace: Some Causes and Effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 449-469.
- Bashir, S., & Nasir, M. (2013). Breach of psychological contract, organizational cynicism and union commitment: A study of hospitality industry in Pakistan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 61-65.
- Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., & Dean, J. W. (1999). Does organizational cynicism matter?: Employee and supervisor perspectives on work outcomes. In: 36th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Academy of Management, Philadelphia PA., 1-34.
- Brinsfield, C. T., Edwards, M. E., & Greenberg, J. (2009). Voice and Silence in Organizations: Historical Review and Current Conceptualizations. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Cassar, V., & Buttigieg, S. C. (2015). Psychological contract breach, organizational justice and emotional well-being. Personnel Review, 44(2), 217-235.
- Chen, H. F. (2010). The relationships of organizational justice, social exchange, psychological contract, and expatriate adjustment: an example of Taiwanese business expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 1090-1107.
- Chrobot‐Mason, D. L. (2003). Keeping the promise: Psychological contract violations for minority employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(1), 22-45.
- Cole, M. S., Bruch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervisor support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 463-484.
- Colquitt, J. A., & Rodell, J. B. (2011). Justice, trust, and trustworthiness: A longitudinal analysis integrating three theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), 1183-1206.
- Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2003). Raising voice, risking retaliation: Events following interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4), 247-265.
- Cropanzano, R., & Molina, A. (2015). Organizational Justice. In: James D. Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, (pp. 379-384). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D. E., & Gilliland, S.W. (2007). The management of organizational justice. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(4), 34-48.
- Dean, W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
- DeConnick, J. B. (2010). The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust. Journal of Business Research, 63, 1349-1355.
- FitzGerald, M. R. (2002). Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati.
- Grant, D. (1999). HRM, rhetoric and the psychological contract: a case of ‘easier said than done’. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(2), 327-350.
- Grimmer, M., & Oddy, M. (2007). Violation of the psychological contract: The mediating effect of relational versus transactional beliefs. Australian Journal of Management, 32(1), 153-174.
- Guastello, S. J., Rieke, M. L., Guastello, D. D., & Billings, W. (1992). A study of cynicism, personality, and work values. The Journal of Psychology, 126(1), 37-48.
- Hodson, R., Creighton, S., Jamison, C. S., Rieble, S., & Welsh, S. (1994). Loyalty to whom? Workplace participation and the development of consent. Human Relations, 47(8), 895-909.
- Johnson, J. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 627–647.
- Judge T. A., & Colquitt, J. A. (2004). Organizational justice and stress: The mediating role of work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 395-404.
- Karacaoğlu, K., & Küçükköylü, C. (2015). İşgören sessizliğinin örgütsel sinizme etkisi: Kamu çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 15(3), 401-408.
- Khalid, J., & Ahmed, J. (2016). Perceived organizational politics and employee silence: Supervisor trust as a moderator. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 21(2), 174-195.
- Kickul, J. R., Neuman, G., Parker, C., & Finkl, J. (2001). Settling the score: The role of organizational justice in the relationship between psychological contract breach and anticitizenship behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 13(2), 77-93.
- Kumar D., Alagappar, P. N., & Govindarajo, N. (2015). The impact of organisational silence on job stress, organisational commitment and intention to leave among expatriate employees. In: 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Business Administration and Management, Langkawi.
- Meyerson, D. E. (1990). Uncovering socially undesirable emotions: Experiences of role ambiguity in organizations. American Behavioral Scientist, 33, 296-307.
- Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An Exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why?. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476.
- Mohamad, M. S., & Badawy, S. M. (2016). Psychological contract violation and affective commitment: The mediatıng effect of cynicism and the moderating effect of employees’ expectations. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(10), 14-34.
- Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 173-197.
- Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic World. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
- Morrison, E. W., & Robinson S. L. (1997). When employee feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226-256.
- Nikmaram, S., Yamchi, H. G., Shojaii, S., Zahrani, M. A., & Alvani, S. M. (2012). Study on relationship between organizational silence and commitment in Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(10), 1271-1277.
- Pate, J., Martin, G., & McGoldrick, J. (2003). The impact of psychological contract violation on employee attitudes and behaviour. Employee Relations, 25(6), 557-573.
- Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
- Pugh, S. D., Skarlicki, D. P., & Passell, B. S. (2003). After the fall: Layoff victims' trust and cynicism in re‐employment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(2), 201-212.
- Reichers A. E., Wanous, J. P., & Austın, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 48-59.
- Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (2000). The development of psychological contract breach and violation: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), 525-546.
- Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245-259.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 121-139.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer’s obligations. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 11, 389-400.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. California: Sage Publications.
- Rubin, R. S., Dierdorff, E., Bommer, W. H., & Baldwin, T. (2009). Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader and employee outcomes of leader cynicism about organizational change. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 680-688.
- Schalk, R., & Roe, R. (2007). Towards a dynamic model of the psychological contract. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37(2), 167-182.
- Shaharruddin, S., Ahmad, F., & Musa, M. M. (2016). Cynicism in organizations: Does organizational justice matter?. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 3(2), 49-60.
- Smith, T. W., Pope, M. K., Sanders, J. D., Allred, K. D., & O'Keefe, J. L. (1988). Cynical hostility at home and at work: Psychological vulnerability across domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 525-548.
- Tamuz, M. (2001). Learning disabilities for regulators: The perils of organizational learning in the air transportation industry. Administration and Society, 3, 276-302
- Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008). Employee silence on critical work issues: The cross level effects of procedural justice climate. Personnel Psychology, 61, 37 68.
- Tomprou, M., Rousseau, D. M., & Hansen, S. D. (2015). The psychological contracts of violation victims: A post-violation model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 561-581.
- Turnley, W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (1999). The impact of psychological contract violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Human Relations, 52(7), 895-922.
- Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organizational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441-458.
- Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
- Wang, Y. D., & Hsieh, H. H. (2014). Employees' reactions to psychological contract breach: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 57-66.
- Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (1994). Cynicism about organizational change: Measurement, antecedents and correlates. Group & Organization Management, 25(2), 132-153.
- Whiteside, D. B., & Barclay, L. J. (2012). Echoes of silence: Employee silence as a mediator between overall justice and employee outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 251-266.
- Yean, T. F., & Yusof, A. A. (2016). Organizational justice: A conceptual discussion. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 798-803.
An Empirical Research on the Relationship between Perceived Injustice, Psychological Contract Violation, Cynicism, and Employee Silence
Yıl 2018,
, 229 - 239, 15.12.2018
İlksun Didem Ülbeği
,
Esengül İplik
Öz
In
this study, the direct and indirect effects between perceived injustice,
psychological contract violation, employee silence, and cynicism are investigated.
For this purpose, the data is collected from 244 private sector employees using
convenience-sampling method via surveys. Research findings shows significant
relationships between the variables in the study. According to the results
psychological contract violation and employee silence have mediating roles on
the relationship between perceived injustice and cynicism. Moreover, the study
revealed that psychological contract violation and employee silence have serial
mediating effects on the relationship between perceived injustice and cynicism.
Kaynakça
- Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: Bases and consequences. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
- Akanbi, P. A., & Ofoegbu, O. E. (2013). Impact of perceived organizational justice on organizational commitment of a food and beverage firm in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(14), 207-218.
- Aküzüm, C. (2014). The effect of perceived organizational justice on teachers’ silence: A practice in primary education ınstitutions. International J. Soc. Sci. & Education, 5(1), 95-107.
- Andersson, L. M., & Bateman, T. S. (1997). Cynicism in the Workplace: Some Causes and Effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 449-469.
- Bashir, S., & Nasir, M. (2013). Breach of psychological contract, organizational cynicism and union commitment: A study of hospitality industry in Pakistan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 61-65.
- Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., & Dean, J. W. (1999). Does organizational cynicism matter?: Employee and supervisor perspectives on work outcomes. In: 36th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Academy of Management, Philadelphia PA., 1-34.
- Brinsfield, C. T., Edwards, M. E., & Greenberg, J. (2009). Voice and Silence in Organizations: Historical Review and Current Conceptualizations. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Cassar, V., & Buttigieg, S. C. (2015). Psychological contract breach, organizational justice and emotional well-being. Personnel Review, 44(2), 217-235.
- Chen, H. F. (2010). The relationships of organizational justice, social exchange, psychological contract, and expatriate adjustment: an example of Taiwanese business expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 1090-1107.
- Chrobot‐Mason, D. L. (2003). Keeping the promise: Psychological contract violations for minority employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(1), 22-45.
- Cole, M. S., Bruch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervisor support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 463-484.
- Colquitt, J. A., & Rodell, J. B. (2011). Justice, trust, and trustworthiness: A longitudinal analysis integrating three theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), 1183-1206.
- Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2003). Raising voice, risking retaliation: Events following interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4), 247-265.
- Cropanzano, R., & Molina, A. (2015). Organizational Justice. In: James D. Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, (pp. 379-384). Oxford: Elsevier.
- Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D. E., & Gilliland, S.W. (2007). The management of organizational justice. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(4), 34-48.
- Dean, W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
- DeConnick, J. B. (2010). The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust. Journal of Business Research, 63, 1349-1355.
- FitzGerald, M. R. (2002). Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati.
- Grant, D. (1999). HRM, rhetoric and the psychological contract: a case of ‘easier said than done’. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(2), 327-350.
- Grimmer, M., & Oddy, M. (2007). Violation of the psychological contract: The mediating effect of relational versus transactional beliefs. Australian Journal of Management, 32(1), 153-174.
- Guastello, S. J., Rieke, M. L., Guastello, D. D., & Billings, W. (1992). A study of cynicism, personality, and work values. The Journal of Psychology, 126(1), 37-48.
- Hodson, R., Creighton, S., Jamison, C. S., Rieble, S., & Welsh, S. (1994). Loyalty to whom? Workplace participation and the development of consent. Human Relations, 47(8), 895-909.
- Johnson, J. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 627–647.
- Judge T. A., & Colquitt, J. A. (2004). Organizational justice and stress: The mediating role of work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 395-404.
- Karacaoğlu, K., & Küçükköylü, C. (2015). İşgören sessizliğinin örgütsel sinizme etkisi: Kamu çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 15(3), 401-408.
- Khalid, J., & Ahmed, J. (2016). Perceived organizational politics and employee silence: Supervisor trust as a moderator. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 21(2), 174-195.
- Kickul, J. R., Neuman, G., Parker, C., & Finkl, J. (2001). Settling the score: The role of organizational justice in the relationship between psychological contract breach and anticitizenship behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 13(2), 77-93.
- Kumar D., Alagappar, P. N., & Govindarajo, N. (2015). The impact of organisational silence on job stress, organisational commitment and intention to leave among expatriate employees. In: 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Business Administration and Management, Langkawi.
- Meyerson, D. E. (1990). Uncovering socially undesirable emotions: Experiences of role ambiguity in organizations. American Behavioral Scientist, 33, 296-307.
- Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An Exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why?. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476.
- Mohamad, M. S., & Badawy, S. M. (2016). Psychological contract violation and affective commitment: The mediatıng effect of cynicism and the moderating effect of employees’ expectations. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(10), 14-34.
- Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 173-197.
- Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic World. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
- Morrison, E. W., & Robinson S. L. (1997). When employee feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226-256.
- Nikmaram, S., Yamchi, H. G., Shojaii, S., Zahrani, M. A., & Alvani, S. M. (2012). Study on relationship between organizational silence and commitment in Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(10), 1271-1277.
- Pate, J., Martin, G., & McGoldrick, J. (2003). The impact of psychological contract violation on employee attitudes and behaviour. Employee Relations, 25(6), 557-573.
- Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
- Pugh, S. D., Skarlicki, D. P., & Passell, B. S. (2003). After the fall: Layoff victims' trust and cynicism in re‐employment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(2), 201-212.
- Reichers A. E., Wanous, J. P., & Austın, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 48-59.
- Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (2000). The development of psychological contract breach and violation: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), 525-546.
- Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245-259.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 121-139.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer’s obligations. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 11, 389-400.
- Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. California: Sage Publications.
- Rubin, R. S., Dierdorff, E., Bommer, W. H., & Baldwin, T. (2009). Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader and employee outcomes of leader cynicism about organizational change. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 680-688.
- Schalk, R., & Roe, R. (2007). Towards a dynamic model of the psychological contract. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37(2), 167-182.
- Shaharruddin, S., Ahmad, F., & Musa, M. M. (2016). Cynicism in organizations: Does organizational justice matter?. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 3(2), 49-60.
- Smith, T. W., Pope, M. K., Sanders, J. D., Allred, K. D., & O'Keefe, J. L. (1988). Cynical hostility at home and at work: Psychological vulnerability across domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 525-548.
- Tamuz, M. (2001). Learning disabilities for regulators: The perils of organizational learning in the air transportation industry. Administration and Society, 3, 276-302
- Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008). Employee silence on critical work issues: The cross level effects of procedural justice climate. Personnel Psychology, 61, 37 68.
- Tomprou, M., Rousseau, D. M., & Hansen, S. D. (2015). The psychological contracts of violation victims: A post-violation model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 561-581.
- Turnley, W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (1999). The impact of psychological contract violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Human Relations, 52(7), 895-922.
- Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organizational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441-458.
- Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
- Wang, Y. D., & Hsieh, H. H. (2014). Employees' reactions to psychological contract breach: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 57-66.
- Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (1994). Cynicism about organizational change: Measurement, antecedents and correlates. Group & Organization Management, 25(2), 132-153.
- Whiteside, D. B., & Barclay, L. J. (2012). Echoes of silence: Employee silence as a mediator between overall justice and employee outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 251-266.
- Yean, T. F., & Yusof, A. A. (2016). Organizational justice: A conceptual discussion. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 798-803.