Impact of Environmental Taxes and Renewable Energy on Pollution from Transportation Industry: The Case of EU Countries

Öz

The purpose of this paper is to determine effect of environmental taxes and renewable energy consumption on the pollution from transportation industry. In this context, it was applied a panel data analysis with data of 23 European Union (EU) countries CO2 emission from transportation, output level of transportation industry, transportation industry final energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and environmental taxes period of 1995-2018. According to results of AMG coefficient estimator, it was determined that transportation industry final energy consumption increases CO2 emissions from transportation industry, however, environmental taxes and renewable energy consumption decreases. Also, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was investigated for the transportation industry of EU countries, and it was confirmed. The turning point of the curve was calculated as 147.116 billion Euro and observed only Germany, France, Italy, and England has reached at this point.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transportation Industry
• Environmental Taxes
• Renewable Energy
• Environmental Kuznets Curve
• Panel Data Analysis

Çevresel Vergiler ve Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Taşımacılık Sektörü Kaynaklı Kirlilik Üzerindeki Etkisi: AB Ülkeleri Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çevresel vergiler ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin taşımacılık sektörü kaynaklı kirlilik üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, 1995-2018 yılları arası 23 Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkesinin taşımacılık sektörü kaynaklı CO2 emisyonu, taşımacılık sektörü çıktı düzeyi, taşımacılık sektörü nihai enerji tüketimi, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve çevresel vergi geliri verileriyle panel veri analizi uygulanmıştır. Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) katsayı tahmincisi sonuçlarına göre taşımacılık sektörü enerji tüketiminin taşımacılık sektörü kirliliğini artırdığı, çevresel vergiler ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının ise azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, AB ülkelerinin taşımacılık sektörü için Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE) hipotezi de test edilmiş ve ÇKE hipotezinin geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Eğrinin dönüm noktası 147,116 milyar Euro olarak hesaplanmış ve bu dönüm noktasına yalnızca Almanya, Fransa, İtalya ve İngiltere’nin ulaşabildiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Taşımacılık Sektörü
• Çevresel Vergiler
• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi
• Panel Veri Analizi

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