Rusya –Ukrayna Krizinin Dünya Gıda Güvenliğine Etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 525 - 556, 30.10.2023

Muazzez Harunoğulları , Gulsen Ayhan

https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.1324325

Cited By: 1

Öz

Savaşlar, toplumların yapısında büyük bozulmalar meydana getirir; bu bozulmalardan biri de tarımsal alanda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın odak noktası, Rusya ve Ukrayna arasındaki savaşın dünya gıda güvenliği üzerindeki etkileridir. Bu amaçla her iki ülkenin tahıl üretimi ve ticaretinin bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte ülkeler üzerindeki önemi değerlendirilecektir. Araştırmada durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Konu ile ilgili akademik yayınlardan ve FAOSTAT ve Trade Map verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler şekil ve tablolar halinde yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Rusya-Ukrayna savaşıyla birlikte 10 milyonu aşkın kişi yerinden edilmiş, küresel ve bölgesel enerji ve gıda krizi yaşanmış, gıda güvenliği sorunları ortaya çıkmış, dünyanın en büyük ihracat bölgelerinin birinden, tarımsal üretimi ve ticareti sekteye uğratmıştır. Küresel kriz haline gelen tahıl sorununun çözümü için Türkiye’nin girişimiyle taraflar arasında 22 Temmuz 2022’de İstanbul’da “tahıl koridoru” anlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bu anlaşmayla Ukrayna'nın Karadeniz'deki üç limanından tahıl ihracatı yeniden başlamış ve dünyanın içine girdiği “gıda krizi” sorununun çözümüne yönelik önemli bir adım atılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı, Gıda güvenliği, Gıda krizi, Tahıl koridoru anlaşması

The Effects of the Russia-Ukraine crisis on World food security

Öz

Wars cause great deterioration in the structure of societies; One of these deteriorations occurs in the agricultural field. The focus of this study is the effects of the war between Russia and Ukraine on world food security. For this purpose, the importance of grain production and trade of both countries on regional and global scale will be evaluated. Case study method was used in the research. Academic publications related to the research and FAOSTAT data were used. The data obtained were rearranged in figures and tables. With the Russia-Ukraine war, more than 10 million people have been displaced, global and regional energy and food crises have occurred, food security problems have emerged, and agricultural production and trade from one of the world's largest export regions has been disrupted. A "grain corridor" agreement was signed between the parties on July 22, 2022 in Istanbul, with the initiative of Türkiye, for the solution of the grain problem, which has become a global crisis. With this agreement, grain exports from Ukraine's three ports in the Black Sea resumed and an important step was taken towards solving the "food crisis" problem that the world was in.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Russia-Ukraine war, Food security, Food crisis, Grain aisle agreement

Kaynakça

• Abay, K., Breisinger, C., Glauber, J., Kurdi, S., Laborde, D., Siddig, K. (2022). The Russia-Ukraine crisis: Implications for global and regional food security and potential policy responses, MENA WORKING PAPER 39. https://www.donorplatform.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/The-Russia-Ukrain-crisis-IFPRI.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
• ACLED (The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project). (2019). Bringing clarity to crisis, Global Conflict and Disorder Patterns: 2019. https://acleddata.com/2019/10/17/ global-conflict-and-disorder-patterns/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Bagış, B. (2022). Food inflation, global crisis, and Turkey, Politics Today. October 4, 2022. https://politicstoday.org/food-inflation-global-crisis-and-turkey/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Brück, T., d’Errico, M. (2019). Reprint of: Food security and violent conflict: Introduction to the special issue, World Development 119, 145–149. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.04.006
• Caprile, A. (2022). Russia's war on Ukraine: Impact on food security and EU response, EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service. https://epthinktank.eu/2022/04/11/russias-war-on-ukraine-impact-on-food-security-and-eu-response/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Do, Q.T., Iyer, L. (2010). Geography, poverty and conflict in Nepal, Journal of Peace Research, 47 (6) 735–748, doi: 10.1177/0022343310386175.
• FAO (2022a). The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the war in ukraine, Information Note, 10 June 2022.
• FAO (2022b). Impact of the Ukraine-Russia conflict on global food security and related matters under the mandate of the Food and Agriculture, Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 8 April 2022. www.fao.org
• FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). (2022). Food and agriculture data, https// www.fao.org adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Human Rights Watch (April 28, 2022). Ukraine/Russia: As war continues, Africa Food Crisis Looms, April 28, 2022.
• IOM (2022). Regional Ukraine Response Situation Report, 04 August 2022.
• Kumar, N. (2022). Russia created a global food crisis by invading Ukraine. Here’s what can be done to stop millions from starving. GRID, https://www.grid.news/story/global/2022/06/23/russia-created-a-global-food-crisis-by-invading-ukraine-heres-what-can-be-done-to-stop-millions-from-starving/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Molnar, J. J. (1999). Sound policies for food security: The role of culture and social organization, Review of AgricuItural Economics, 21 (2), 489-498. http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1349893 adresinden edinilmiştir. Syria Regional Refugee Response-UNHCR data. (Jul 2021). Operational Data Portal Refugee Situations. https://data2.unhcr. org/en/situations/syria adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Taleb, Z. Ben., Bahelah, R., Fouad, M., Coutts, A., Wilcox, M., Maziak, W. (2015). Syria: Health in a country undergoing tragic transition, Int J Public Health 60 (Suppl 1), 63–72. doi: 10.1007/s00038-014-0586-2
• TRADE MAP (Trade Statistics For International Business Development). (2022). Data Sources For all countries and territories, https // www.trademap.org. Adresinden edinilmiştir.
• UN (United Nations). (2022a). Joint Coordination Centre for the Black Sea Grain Initiative, Black Sea Grain Initiative Joint Coordination Centre, July 22, 2022. https://www.un.org/en/black-sea-grain-initiative/background adresinden edinilmiştir.
• UN (United Nations). (2022b). Frequently Asked Questions, Black Sea Grain Initiative Joint Coordination Centre. 5 August 2022.
• United Nations/Black Sea Grain Initiative Joint Coordination Centre, (2023). https://www.un.org/en/ black-sea-grain-initiative/vessel-movements adresinden edinilmiştir.
• WFP (World Food Programme). (2022c). Global Food Crisis, WFP Research, Assessment and Monitoring (RAM) Division and Emergency Operations Division (EME), www.wfp.org adresinden edinilmiştir.