A Phenomenological Study on the Intersections of High School Students’ Educational Trajectories in Different Types of High Schools in Turkey

Öz

In this research, we examined the student practices of high school students in different types of high schools in Turkey in the light of Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and cultural capital. While tracing the essences of student practices with a phenomenological approach, we tried to make explicit what lies at the intersections of different types of high schools in terms of these practices and how the educational trajectories of students in these high schools are shaped and reshaped. We conducted the research in six different types of high schools in Ankara. Through a phenomenological analysis of in-depth interviews with 96 high school students and a total of seven mothers, we explored student practices and the interrelationships between habitus and cultural capital in the home and school environments. As a result of this analysis, we interpreted the essences that cut across the educational trajectories of students positioned in different types of high schools as living with the illusion of school choice, declaring the position with a sense of entitlement, engagement with cultural fields through cultural consumption habits, and utilizing sports for the presentation of self. The main result of the research shows that although students are positioned in different trajectories, the essence of their student practices does not change. We believe that this result should be explained from the perspective that the existence of different types of schools or different routes for students cannot guarantee the social mobility of individuals, but continues to serve the reproduction of all the historical and social contingencies that create these students' positionality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• High school students
• student practices
• cultural capital
• habitus
• phenomenology

Türkiye’de Farklı Lise Türlerindeki Öğrencilerin Eğitim Yörüngelerinin Kesişimselliği Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu araştırma ile Bourdieu'nün habitus ve kültürel sermaye kavramları ışığında Türkiye'deki farklı lise türlerinde öğrenim gören lise öğrencilerinin öğrenci pratiklerini inceledik. Araştırmada fenomenolojik bir yaklaşımla öğrenci pratiklerinin özünün izini sürerken bu pratikler açısından farklı lise türlerinin kesişim noktalarında nelerin yattığını ve bu liselerdeki öğrencilerin eğitim yörüngelerinin nasıl şekillendiğini ve yeniden şekillendirildiğini açıklığa kavuşturmaya çalıştık. Araştırmayı, Ankara ilinde bulunan altı farklı lise türünde gerçekleştirdik. Bu liselerde öğrenim gören 96 lise öğrencisi ve toplam yedi anne ile yapılan derinlemesine görüşmelerin fenomenolojik analiziyle, öğrenci pratiklerini, habitus ile kültürel sermayenin ev ve okul ortamları arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkileri çerçevesinde ortaya koyduk. Bu analiz sonucunda, farklı lise türlerinde konumlanmış öğrencilerin eğitim yörüngelerini kesen özleri; okul tercihi illüzyonuyla yaşamak, konumunu hak ediş duygusuyla açıklamak, kültürel tüketim alışkanlıkları aracılığıyla kültürel alanlarla ilişki kurmak, benlik sunumu için spordan yararlanmak biçiminde yorumladık. Araştırmanın temel sonucu, öğrencilerin farklı yörüngelerde konumlanmalarına rağmen, öğrencilik pratiklerinin özünün değişmediğini göstermektedir. Bu sonucun, farklı okul türlerinin veya öğrenciler için farklı rotaların varlığının bireylerin sosyal hareketliliğini garanti edemeyeceği, ancak öğrencilerin bu konumsallıklarını yaratan tüm tarihsel ve toplumsal olumsallıkların yeniden üretilmesine hizmet etmeye devam ettiği bakış açısıyla açıklanması gerektiğine inanmaktayız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fenomenoloji
• habitus
• kültürel sermaye
• lise öğrencileri
• öğrenci pratikleri

Kaynakça

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