Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests
Öz
This study aims to compare the psychometric properties of the newly developed extended alternative Likert-type scales in the literature with the classic Likert-type scale; to examine the differences in total scores and response times based on different scale administration conditions; and to compare the psychometric properties of the extended-alternative form for child and adolescent groups. Designed as an explanatory model using mixed methods, the study collected and analyzed quantitative data, followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data to explain and examine the quantitative data in detail. Purposeful sampling and convenience sampling methods were used in the study. The study group consisted of elementary and middle school students from Gaziantep and Kilis provinces during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 892 students participated in the collection of quantitative data, and 20 students participated in qualitative interviews. The test anxiety scale developed for children by Wren and Benson (2005) and adapted in Turkey by Aydın and Bulgan (2017) as the ‘Test Anxiety Scale for Children (ÇSKÖ)’ was used in the study. In line with the aim of the study, the CASEQ was expanded based on the opinions of experts in the fields of linguistics, psychology, measurement, and evaluation, as well as the opinions of students aged 8-12, obtained through the think-aloud method. Within the limitations of the study, the validity evidence of each scale form was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and it was concluded that the forms were valid. The reliability evidence was also examined using Cronbach's alpha method, and it was concluded that the forms were reliable. No significant difference was found between the validity and reliability evidence of the forms. The respondents' response times were examined with an independent groups t-test to see if they differed according to their scale-taking status, and a significant difference was found. The respondents' total scores were examined to see if they differed according to their scale-taking status, and it was found that the difference between the forms in terms of the total scores obtained from the same group was significant.
Anahtar Kelimeler
- likert-type scale
- extended-alternative likert-type scale
- reliability estimates
- validity evidence
- thinking aloud
Destekleyen Kurum
Etik Beyan
Teşekkür
Kaynakça
- Akhun, İ. (1984). İki korelasyon katsayısı arasındaki manidarlığın test edilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17, 1-7.
- Alan, Ü. (2019). The Effect of the Number of Response Categories on the Psychometric Properties of Likert-Type Scales Used with Children. Hacettepe University Master's Thesis, Ankara.
- Aydın, U., Bulgan, G. (2017). Turkish Adaptation of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children: Validity and Reliability Study. Elementary Education Online Journal, 16(2),887-899.
- Başaran, A. (1997). Guide to Preparing Likert-Type Scales. Ankara: Turkish Psychological Association Publications.
- Borgers, N., & Hox, J. J. (2001). Item nonresponse in questionnaire research with children. Journal of Official Statistics, 17(2), 321–335.
- Börkan, B., Öztemür, G., Yılmaz, O., Çetintaş, Ş., Gülcan, B., Özcan, M. (2017). Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerinde Psikolojik Test Uygulama Süreçleri. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 7(48).
- Cansız, R. (2007). Psychological Tests Used in Social Psychiatry. Ankara University, Master's Thesis, Ankara, Türkiye.
- Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E., (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests & measurement (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Ölçek Geliştirme
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
6 Ağustos 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
3 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi
2 Haziran 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2