Araştırma Makalesi

Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests

Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2 6 Ağustos 2026
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Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests

Öz

This study aims to compare the psychometric properties of the newly developed extended alternative Likert-type scales in the literature with the classic Likert-type scale; to examine the differences in total scores and response times based on different scale administration conditions; and to compare the psychometric properties of the extended-alternative form for child and adolescent groups. Designed as an explanatory model using mixed methods, the study collected and analyzed quantitative data, followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data to explain and examine the quantitative data in detail. Purposeful sampling and convenience sampling methods were used in the study. The study group consisted of elementary and middle school students from Gaziantep and Kilis provinces during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 892 students participated in the collection of quantitative data, and 20 students participated in qualitative interviews. The test anxiety scale developed for children by Wren and Benson (2005) and adapted in Turkey by Aydın and Bulgan (2017) as the ‘Test Anxiety Scale for Children (ÇSKÖ)’ was used in the study. In line with the aim of the study, the CASEQ was expanded based on the opinions of experts in the fields of linguistics, psychology, measurement, and evaluation, as well as the opinions of students aged 8-12, obtained through the think-aloud method. Within the limitations of the study, the validity evidence of each scale form was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and it was concluded that the forms were valid. The reliability evidence was also examined using Cronbach's alpha method, and it was concluded that the forms were reliable. No significant difference was found between the validity and reliability evidence of the forms. The respondents' response times were examined with an independent groups t-test to see if they differed according to their scale-taking status, and a significant difference was found. The respondents' total scores were examined to see if they differed according to their scale-taking status, and it was found that the difference between the forms in terms of the total scores obtained from the same group was significant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This article is derived from Seda Gözlügöl's Master's thesis titled “Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classical Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests,” completed in 2024 at the Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Seher Yalçın. (Ankara University, Institute of Educational Sciences, 2024).

Etik Beyan

This study has been deemed ethically acceptable by the Ethics Committee of Ankara University Rectorate, as per its letter numbered 8543427050.04.04/990660, and by the Ministry of National Education Strategy Development Directorate, as per its letter numbered E-49614598-605.01-87840915.

Teşekkür

From the moment I began my graduate studies, you have been the guiding light on my academic journey, helping me develop in my field. who has enlightened me at every point where I got stuck, who has identified my shortcomings and offered me new paths, and who, as throughout all my years of education, has never withheld her interest, support, valuable knowledge, patience, and experience, and most importantly, her trust. I sincerely thank my valuable advisor, Associate Professor Seher Yalçın.

Kaynakça

  1. Akhun, İ. (1984). İki korelasyon katsayısı arasındaki manidarlığın test edilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17, 1-7.
  2. Alan, Ü. (2019). The Effect of the Number of Response Categories on the Psychometric Properties of Likert-Type Scales Used with Children. Hacettepe University Master's Thesis, Ankara.
  3. Aydın, U., Bulgan, G. (2017). Turkish Adaptation of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children: Validity and Reliability Study. Elementary Education Online Journal, 16(2),887-899.
  4. Başaran, A. (1997). Guide to Preparing Likert-Type Scales. Ankara: Turkish Psychological Association Publications.
  5. Borgers, N., & Hox, J. J. (2001). Item nonresponse in questionnaire research with children. Journal of Official Statistics, 17(2), 321–335.
  6. Börkan, B., Öztemür, G., Yılmaz, O., Çetintaş, Ş., Gülcan, B., Özcan, M. (2017). Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerinde Psikolojik Test Uygulama Süreçleri. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 7(48).
  7. Cansız, R. (2007). Psychological Tests Used in Social Psychiatry. Ankara University, Master's Thesis, Ankara, Türkiye.
  8. Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E., (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests & measurement (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ölçek Geliştirme

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

6 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

3 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

2 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karlıdağ, S., & Yalçın, S. (2026). Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 59(2), 591-638. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1816495
AMA
1.Karlıdağ S, Yalçın S. Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests. AÜEBFD. 2026;59(2):591-638. doi:10.30964/auebfd.1816495
Chicago
Karlıdağ, Seda, ve Seher Yalçın. 2026. “Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests”. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES) 59 (2): 591-638. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1816495.
EndNote
Karlıdağ S, Yalçın S (01 Ağustos 2026) Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES) 59 2 591–638.
IEEE
[1]S. Karlıdağ ve S. Yalçın, “Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests”, AÜEBFD, c. 59, sy 2, ss. 591–638, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.30964/auebfd.1816495.
ISNAD
Karlıdağ, Seda - Yalçın, Seher. “Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests”. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES) 59/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 591-638. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1816495.
JAMA
1.Karlıdağ S, Yalçın S. Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests. AÜEBFD. 2026;59:591–638.
MLA
Karlıdağ, Seda, ve Seher Yalçın. “Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests”. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), c. 59, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 591-38, doi:10.30964/auebfd.1816495.
Vancouver
1.Seda Karlıdağ, Seher Yalçın. Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of Extended Likert-Type Scales and Classic Likert-Type Scales in Psychological Tests. AÜEBFD. 01 Ağustos 2026;59(2):591-638. doi:10.30964/auebfd.1816495

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