Olimpiyata Katılımının Belirleyicileri: Ekonomik, Demografik ve Kurumsal Dinamiklerin Analizi

Öz

Olimpiyat Oyunları, dört yılda bir düzenlenen ve küresel düzeyde en geniş katılımla gerçekleşen spor organizasyonlarından biridir. Ev sahibi ülkeler için önemli ekonomik ve sosyal fırsatlar sunan bu organizasyonlar, aynı zamanda ülkelerin uluslararası temsiliyet düzeylerini de yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2024 Paris Olimpiyat Oyunları çerçevesinde ülkelerin oyunlara gönderdikleri sporcu sayısını etkileyen faktörleri Newton’un yerçekimi modeli çerçevesinde analiz etmektir. Çalışmada 201 ülkeye ait veriler kullanılmış; demografik yapı, ekonomik göstergeler, beşeri sermaye unsurları, geçmiş Olimpiyat performansları ve coğrafi uzaklık gibi çok boyutlu değişkenler modele dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kişi başına düşen GSYİH, genç nüfus oranı, ortalama eğitim süresi ve önceki Olimpiyatlardaki başarı düzeyi gibi faktörler, gönderilen sporcu sayısı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca, Fransa’ya olan coğrafi uzaklık da gönderilen sporcu sayısını negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışma, Olimpiyatlara katılımı etkileyen yapısal dinamikleri açıklamaya yönelik literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Olimpiyat Oyunları
• Paris 2024
• Sporcu Katılımı
• Yerçekimi Modeli
• Ridge Regresyon
• Lasso Regresyon

Determinants of Olympic Participation: An Analysis of Economic, Demographic, and Institutional Dynamics

Öz

The Olympic Games, held every four years, are among the most prestigious international sporting events, reflecting not only athletic excellence but also global representation and national capacity. While hosting the Olympics is often associated with economic vitality for the organizing country, the number of athletes sent by participating nations is shaped by a range of structural and contextual factors. This study investigates the determinants of athlete participation across 201 countries for the 2024 Paris Olympic Games, employing Newton’s gravity model as a conceptual framework. The analysis incorporates demographic indicators, economic variables, human capital measures, historical Olympic performance, and geographical distance. The results indicate that GDP per capita, youth population ratio, average years of schooling, and previous Olympic success have statistically significant and positive effects on the number of athletes a country sends. Conversely, greater geographical distance from France is associated with reduced participation. By addressing multidimensional drivers of Olympic representation, this study contributes to the empirical literature on global sporting participation and international inequality in athletic representation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Olympic Games
• Paris 2024
• Athlete Participation
• Gravity Model
• Ridge Regression
• Lasso Regression

Kaynakça

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