İmparatoriçe Pulcheria ve Bizans Sanatına Yansımaları

Öz

Kuruluşundan yıkılışına kadar Bizans İmparatorluğu’nda özellikle İmparatoriçeler her zaman ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahip olmuş ve hem siyasette hem de dini siyasette önemli rol oynamışlardır. Bu imparatoriçelerden biri de Pulcheria’dır. Pulcheria 15 yaşında kardeşi II. Theodosios’un naibi olarak imparatoriçe olmasından 54 yaşında ölümüne kadar hem devlet işlerinde hem de dini meselelerde oldukça önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Çalışmanın konusu Pulcheria ve Bizans sanatına yansımalarıdır. Bu bağlamda İmparatoriçe Pulcheria tarafından yaptırılan ya da en azından kuruluşuna öncülük ettiği Theotokos Khalkoprateia Kilisesi, Blakhernae Theotokos Kilisesi, Hodegetria Kilisesi ve Aziz Laurence Kilisesi dönem kaynakları ve bilim insanlarının görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenmiştir. Pulcheria’nın koyu bir Hıristiyan olduğu ve özellikle de kutsal emanetlerin koruyuculuğunu üstlendiği bilinmektedir. Aziz Stephanos’un röliklerinin İstanbul’a getirilmesi de fildişi bir panelde betimlenmiştir. Araştırmada fildişi panelin tarihçesine değinilmiş ve tasviri yapılmıştır. Pulcheria’nın imparatorluk sikke ikonografisine birçok yenilik getirdiği bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda Pulcheria’nın imparatorluk sikke ikonografisine getirdiği yenilikler dönemin sikke örnekleri ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Pulcheria’ya ait olduğu düşünülen kantar topuzunun benzer örnekleri incelenip, neden kantar topuzlarında imparator ve imparatoriçe büstlerinin kullanıldığı tartışılmıştır. Değerlendirme ve sonuç kısmında ise çalışmanın konusu olan eserler benzer örnekleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pulcheria
• İmparatoriçe
• Bizans İmparatorluğu
• Bizans Sanatı

Empress Pulcheria and Its Reflections on Byzantine Art

Öz

Empresses, in particular, always had a privileged place in the Byzantine Empire from its foundation to its collapse, and they played an important role in both politics and religious politics. One of these empresses is Pulcheria. Pulcheria played a very important role in both state affairs and religious affairs, from being empress as regent of her brother Theodosios II at the age of 15 until her death at the age of 54. The subject of the study is Pulcheria and its reflections on Byzantine art. In this context, Theotokos Khalkoprateia Church, Blakhernae Theotokos Church, Hodegetria Church and St. Laurence Church, which was built by Empress Pulcheria or at least led to its establishment, were examined in line with the sources of the period and the views of scientists. It is known that Pulcheria was a devout Christian and especially took on the guardianship of holy relics. Bringing the relics of St. Stephanos to Istanbul is also depicted on an ivory panel. It is known that Pulcheria brought many innovations to the imperial coin iconography. In this context, the innovations that Pulcheria brought to the imperial coin iconography were evaluated in the light of the coin samples of the period. Similar examples of the Steelyard Weight, which is thought to belong to Pulcheria, were examined and it was discussed why the busts of the emperor and empress were used in the scale knobs. In the evaluation and conclusion part, the works that are the subject of the study were evaluated comparatively with similar examples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pulcheria
• Empress
• Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Art

Kaynakça

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