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A REVIEW ON DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION FOCUSING ON CONSTRUCTION DEMOLITIONS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 739 - 770, 29.12.2025

Göksu Dereceli

https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1613434

Öz

Disasters are natural events that cannot be prevented by humans and can cause various damages. One of the damages caused by disasters is the creation of waste, and disaster waste management can help prevent various damages or risks associated with the waste generated after a disaster. This study aims to examine the regulations related to disaster waste management in Turkey, the USA, Nepal, the United Nations, and South Australia; focusing on definitions, objectives, scope, process management, disaster waste, and construction and demolition waste. Based on literature research, this study highlights the priority points regarding the mentioned criteria in disaster waste regulations and the main points to consider during the collection, transportation-transfer, sorting, storage, reuse, recycling, and final disposal of construction waste. In this study, it is evaluated that the recommendations developed based on the relevant regulations will serve as a guide for countries that do not have disaster waste management regulations or want to update their existing regulations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Legislation Disaster Wastes Disaster Waste Management Construction Wastes

Kaynakça

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İNŞAAT YIKINTILARI ODAĞINDA AFET ATIK YÖNETİM MEVZUATLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 739 - 770, 29.12.2025

Göksu Dereceli

https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1613434

Öz

Afetler insanoğlu tarafından engellenemeyen doğa olayları olup çeşitli zararlara neden olabilmektedirler. Afetlerin sebep olduğu zararlardan birisi de atık yaratmak olup afet atık yönetimi ile afet sonrası oluşan atıklara bağlı çeşitli zararların veya risklerin önüne geçilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada afet atık yönetim mevzuatına sahip olan Türkiye, ABD, Nepal, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Güney Avustralya’nın ilgili konudaki mevzuatlarını; tanım, amaç, kapsam, süreç yönetimi, afet atıkları ve inşaat yıkıntı ve atıkları merceğinden odak noktalarını, inşaat atıklarını nasıl değerlendirdiklerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Literatür araştırmasına dayanan bu çalışmada afet atıkları yönetmeliklerinin; yukarıda belirtilen kriterler konusunda öncelik verilmesi gereken noktalar ve inşaat atıklarının geçirdiği toplama, taşıma-aktarma, ayrıştırma, depolama, geri kullanım, geri dönüşüm ve nihai yok etme işlemlerinde dikkat edilmesi gereken başlıca noktalar vurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada; ilgili mevzuatlardan yola çıkarak geliştirilen önerilerin afet atık yönetimi konusunda bir mevzuata sahip olmayan veya mevcut mevzuatlarını güncellemek isteyen ülkeler için yol gösterici olacağı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Atıkları Afet Atık Yönetimi İnşaat Atıkları Mevzuat

Kaynakça

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  • Bayram, S., Öcal, M. E., & L. Oral, E. (2012). İnşaat Atıkları Kavramının Yasal Düzenlemesi ve Hazır Beton Tesisinde Örnek Uygulama. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(1), 106-118.
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  • Galán, B., Viguri, J. R., Cifrian, E., Dosal, E., & Andres, A. (2019). Influence of Input Streams on The Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) Recycling Performance of Basic and Advanced Treatment Plants. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.354
  • Gálvez-Martos, J. L., & Istrate, I. R. (2020). Construction and Demolition Waste Management. Içinde Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling: Management, Processing and Environmental Assessment (ss. 51-68). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819055-5.00004-8
  • Garrett, T. A., & Sobel, R. S. (2003). The Political Economy of FEMA Disaster Payments. Economic Inquiry, 41(3), 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1093/ei/cbg023
  • Güler, Ü. A. (2018). Sürdürülebilir Afet Yönetiminde Atık Yönetimi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.412380
  • Güllü, G. (2022). Kentsel Dönüşümde İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıkları Yönetimi Sıfır Atık Süreçleri (H. Kınık & M. Uzun, Ed.; Anadolu Üniversitesi). Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları: no. 4283. www.anadolu.edu.tr
  • Güney Avustralya Disaster Waste Management Guidelines (2018). Goverment of South Australia. https://www.dpc.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/38354/Disaster-Waste-Management-Guidelines.pdf
  • Habib, M. S., Sarkar, B., Tayyab, M., Saleem, M. W., Hussain, A., Ullah, M., Omair, M., & Iqbal, M. W. (2019). Large-Scale Disaster Waste Management Under Uncertain Environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 200-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.154
  • Hafriyat Toprağı, İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Kontrolü Yönetmeliği (2004). Resmi Gazete 18.03.2004. (25406).
  • Hall, D. (2000). Analysis of State Disaster Debris Management Plans [Degree of Masters]. Southwest Texas State University.
  • Hayashi, H., & Katsumi, T. (1996). Generation and Management of Disaster Waste. Solis and Foundations, 36, 349-358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.Special_349
  • Hayes, J. L., Wilson, T. M., Brown, C., Deligne, N. I., Leonard, G. S., & Cole, J. (2021a). Assessing Urban Disaster Waste Management Requirements After Volcanic Eruptions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101935
  • Hayes, J. L., Wilson, T. M., Brown, C., Deligne, N. I., Leonard, G. S., & Cole, J. (2021b). Assessing Urban Disaster Waste Management Requirements After Volcanic Eruptions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101935
  • Hu, Z. H., & Sheu, J. B. (2013). Post-Disaster Debris Reverse Logistics Management Under Psychological Cost Minimization. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 55, 118-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2013.05.010
  • İpek, U., Gören, S., Özkaya, B., & Çapar, B. (2011). İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Entegre Atık Yönetim Planı. https://cevre.ibb.istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2011-ENTEGRE-ATIK-YONETIMI-PLANI.pdf
  • İzmir Afet Planı (2023). İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi. https://afetplani.izmir.bel.tr/documents/sunum.pdf
  • İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Stratejik Planı (2020). İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi. https://www.izmir.bel.tr/CKYuklenen/Dokumanlar_2020/Stratejik%20Plan2024.pdf
  • Karunasena, G., & Amaratunga, D. (2015). Capacity Gaps in Post Disaster Construction & Demolition Waste Management. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(4), 446-466. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2014-0107
  • Karunasena, G., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. P. (2010). Waste Management Strategies During Post Disaster Phase: A case of Sri Lanka. CIB2010 Conference. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228537582
  • Katı Atıkların Kontrolü Yönetmeliği (1991). Resmi Gazete 14.03.1991 (20814). https://www.cevko.org.tr/images/stories/mevzuat/kati_atiklarin_kontrolu_yonetmeligi.pdf
  • Khanal, R., Subedi, P. U., Yadawa, R. K., & Pandey, B. (2021). Post-earthquake Reconstruction: Managing Debris and Construction Waste in Gorkha and Sindhupalchok Districts, Nepal. Progress in Disaster Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100151
  • Kim, J., Deshmukh, A., & Hastak, M. (2014). Selecting a Temporary Debris Management Site for Effective Debris Removal. 10th International Conference of the International Institute for Infrastructure Resilience and Reconstruction (I3R2), 20-22.
  • Küçüker, M. A., & Kaplangı, B. B. (2023). Afet Sonrası Atıkların Yönetimi Hakkında Değerlendirme.
  • Lee, Y. H., Kim, Y. C., & Seo, H. (2022). Selecting Disaster Waste Transportation Routes to Reduce Overlapping of Transportation Routes after Floods. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052866
  • Lorca, Á., Çelik, M., Ergun, Ö., & Keskinocak, P. (2015). A Decision-Support Tool for Post-Disaster Debris Operations. Procedia Engineering, 107, 154-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.069
  • Luther, L. (2017). Disaster Debris Management: Requirements, Challenges, and Federal Agency Roles. www.crs.gov
  • Magalhães, M. R., Lima, F. S., Campos, L., Rodriguez, T., & Maldonado, M. (2020). Disaster Waste Management Using Systems Dynamics:A Case Study in Southern Brazil. Içinde A. Leiras, A. C. González-Calderón, I. Brito Junior, S. Villa, & H. T. Y. Yoshizaki (Ed.), Operations Management for Social Good,Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics (ss. 251-261). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23816-2_24
  • Mamashli, Z., Nayeri, S., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Sazvar, Z., & Javadian, N. (2021). Designing A Sustainable–Resilient Disaster Waste Management System Under Hybrid Uncertainty: A Case Study. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2021.104459
  • Marchesini, G., Beraud, H., & Barroca, B. (2021). Quantification of Disaster Waste: Review of The Available Methods. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101996
  • Memon, M. A. (2015). Disaster Waste Recovery and Utilization in Developing Countries-Learning from Earthquakes in Nepal. 15th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2015: New Innovations and Sustainability, 143-147. https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.ESD-KL-7
  • Menegaki, M., & Damigos, D. (2018). A Review on Current Situation and Challenges of Construction and Demolition Waste Management. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 13, 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.02.010
  • Murasawa, N., Koseki, H., Iwata, Y., & Sakamoto, T. (2014). Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Waste and The Occurrence of Fires. Procedia Engineering, 84, 472-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.458
  • Nepal Disaster Waste Management Guidelines (2015). UNEP/LEAD. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/31290/DWM_Strategy_EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Oxford Languages. (t.y.). https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/waste_2.
  • Ölmez, E., & Yıldız, Ş. (2008). İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Yönetimi ve Planlanan İstanbul Modeli. Içinde Kent Yönetimi, İnsan ve Çevre Sorunları’08 Sempozyumu.
  • Özel, S. (2020). Afetlerden Sonra Kirlilik ve İkincil Kirliliği Afet Olarak Değerlendirmek İçin Bir Tartışma. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, 1(1), 39-48. www.odtu.edu.tr
  • Pamuk, R. (2018). Türkiye’de İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Gezi Kazanımının Mevcut Durumu: Atık Yönetimi İçin Bir Model Önerisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. T.C. Beykent Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Petäjävaara, I. (2012). Sustainability and Health in Disaster Management [Bachleor’s Thesis 15 ECTS]. Södertörn University Collage.
  • Pilapitiya, S., Vidanaarachchi, C., & Yuen, S. (2006). Effects of The Tsunami on Waste Management in Sri Lanka. Içinde Waste Management (C. 26, Sayı 2, ss. 107-109). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.10.004
  • Poon, C. S., & Chan, D. (2007). The Use of Recycled Aggregate in Concrete in Hong Kong. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 50(3), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.06.005
  • Poudel, R., Hirai, Y., Asari, M., & Sakai, S. i. (2019). Field Study of Disaster Waste Management and Disposal Status of Debris After Gorkha Earthquake in Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21(4), 753-765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00835-3
  • Rafee, N., Karbassi, A. R., Safari, E., & Mehrdadi, M. (2008). Strategic Management of Municipal Debris Aftermath of An Earthquake. Int. J. Environ. Res, 2(2), 205-214. www.SID.ir
  • Rehdanz, K., Welsch, H., Narita, D., & Okubo, T. (2015). Well-being effects of a major natural disaster: The case of Fukushima. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 116, 500-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.05.014
  • Sakai, S., Poudel, R., Asari, M., & Kirikawa, T. (2019). Disaster waste management after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake: A Mini-Review of Earthquake Waste Management and the Kumamoto Experience. Waste Management and Research, 37(3), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X18815948
  • Sasao, T. (2016). Cost and Efficiency of Disaster Waste Disposal: A Case Study of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Waste Management, 58, 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.032
  • Shen, L. Y., Tam, V. W. Y., Tam, ; C M, & Drew, D. (2004). Mapping Approach for Examining Waste Management on Construction Sites. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130(4), 472-481. https://doi.org/10.1061/ASCE0733-93642004130:4472
  • Shooshtarian, S., Maqsood, T., Wong, P. S. P., Khalfan, M., & Yang, R. J. (2020). Australian Construction and Demolition Waste Management System in Australia: Investigation of Challenges and Opportunities. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202007.0118.v1
  • Şen, B. N. (2021). Hafriyat Toprağı, İnşaat ve Yıkıntı Atıklarının Yol Yapımında Kullanılabilirbiğinin İncelenmesi: Erzurum Örneği [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. T.C. Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Tabata, T., Onishi, A., Saeki, T., & Tsai, P. (2019). Earthquake Disaster Waste Management Reviews: Prediction, Treatment, Recycling, and Prevention. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101119
  • Tabata, T., Wakabayashi, Y., Tsai, P., & Saeki, T. (2017). Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Pre-Disaster Plans for Disaster Waste Management: Case Study of Minami-Ise, Japan. Waste Management, 61, 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.020
  • T.C. Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi 2020-2024 Stratejik Plan. (2019). https://s.ankara.bel.tr/files/2022/04/06/c2dd96f266679134a44d544972fd36dc.pdf
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (t.y.). https://sozluk.gov.tr/.
  • Ustaoğlu, S., & Limoncu, S. (2019). Yeniden Kullanımın Atık Yönetimi Bağlamında İrdelenmesi. Yapı Dergisi, 449, 29-39.
  • Wakabayashi, Y., Peii, T., Tabata, T., & Saeki, T. (2017). Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costs for Pre-Disaster Waste Management Systems. Waste Management, 68, 688-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.014
  • Xiao, J., Xie, H., & Zhang, C. (2012). Investigation on Building Waste and Reclaim in Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Area. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 61, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.01.012
  • Yaman, F., Ayrancı, E., & Helvacıoğlu, İ. H. (2020). Türkiye’nin Ulusal Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Sisteminin Mevcut Hali ve Yeni Bir Yönetim Modeli Önerisi. Resilience, 4(2), 205-220. https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.702250
  • Yılmaz, A., Bozkurt, Y., & Akdeniz, B. (2014). Kurumsal Yapı ve İşleyişiyle ABD’de Kriz Yönetimi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.77537
  • Yorulmaz, D. S., & Karadeniz, H. (2021). Afetlerin Mental Sağlığa Etkileri. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 7(2), 392-398. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.786048
  • Zhang, F., Cao, C., Li, C., Liu, Y., & Huisingh, D. (2019). A Systematic Review of Recent Developments In Disaster Waste Management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 822-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.229
Toplam 84 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası Hukuk
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Göksu Dereceli 0009-0000-9216-6689

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Dereceli, G. (2025). İNŞAAT YIKINTILARI ODAĞINDA AFET ATIK YÖNETİM MEVZUATLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 16(2), 739-770. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1613434