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STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY

Cilt: 17 27 Temmuz 2026
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STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY

Öz

The aim of this study is to analyze the stochastic properties and persistence of global total crude steel production and carbon emissions through unit root tests and to evaluate the response of the series to shocks. Within this framework, ADF, KPSS, ERS Point Optimal, Zivot Andrews, FFFFF-DF and Sollis unit root tests are applied. The findings indicate that global crude steel production and carbon emissions are persistently affected by past shocks and contain nonlinear dynamics. The results identify lasting effects of macroeconomic, environmental and political developments. Structural breaks and Fourier based analyses show limited short term effects of interventions. Long term and strategic policy frameworks appear more influential. The results reveal that production and emission dynamics relate more closely to global trade, pricing mechanisms and policy preferences than to technical processes. The study provides a comprehensive global perspective and contributes to the literature in methodological and inferential terms. The main limitation arises from the use of aggregated world data, which excludes country level and technology based distinctions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crude steel production, Carbon emissions, Unit root tests, Stochastic properties.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no external funding and was not supported by any institution.

Etik Beyan

This study uses secondary data obtained from publicly available sources and does not involve human participants, animals, surveys, interviews or personal data. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required for this research.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions that helped improve the quality of this manuscript.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Ergün, Ü. R., & Çemrek, F. (2026). STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY. Journal of Academic Approaches, 17, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1906286
AMA
1.Ergün ÜR, Çemrek F. STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY. Journal of Academic Approaches. 2026;17:1-24. doi:10.54688/ayd.1906286
Chicago
Ergün, Ümit Remzi, ve Fatih Çemrek. 2026. “STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY”. Journal of Academic Approaches 17 (Temmuz): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1906286.
EndNote
Ergün ÜR, Çemrek F (01 Temmuz 2026) STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY. Journal of Academic Approaches 17 1–24.
IEEE
[1]Ü. R. Ergün ve F. Çemrek, “STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY”, Journal of Academic Approaches, c. 17, ss. 1–24, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.54688/ayd.1906286.
ISNAD
Ergün, Ümit Remzi - Çemrek, Fatih. “STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY”. Journal of Academic Approaches 17 (01 Temmuz 2026): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1906286.
JAMA
1.Ergün ÜR, Çemrek F. STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY. Journal of Academic Approaches. 2026;17:1–24.
MLA
Ergün, Ümit Remzi, ve Fatih Çemrek. “STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY”. Journal of Academic Approaches, c. 17, Temmuz 2026, ss. 1-24, doi:10.54688/ayd.1906286.
Vancouver
1.Ümit Remzi Ergün, Fatih Çemrek. STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOR OF GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: BRIDGING ACADEMIA AND POLICY. Journal of Academic Approaches. 01 Temmuz 2026;17:1-24. doi:10.54688/ayd.1906286