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Comperative Study of Maceration and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Galantamine and Lycorine Content and Antioxidant Activity of Galanthus Elwesii Hook

Yıl 2020, , 297 - 306, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.781534

Öz

Galanthus elwesii Hook is a medically and economically important species that contains acetylcholinesterase inhibitory alkaloids galantamine and lycorine with well-known biological activities. In a field experiment, different plant parts of G. elwesii were harvested at three growing stages: flowering, post-flowering and fruit set. A comparative evaluation of maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction of galantamine and lycorine from these plant parts was implemented. The antioxidant activities and the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid of different plant parts were also investigated. The quantfication of galantamine and lycorine in the extracts was carried out by Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The HPLC analysis showed that ultrasonic-assisted extraction displayed higher quantities of galantamine, lycorine, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid and stronger antioxidant activity than maceration extraction. The highest amount of galantamine and lycorine was found in the root and leaf samples taken at fruit set as 89.27 and 23.20 µg g-1, respectively. Further, the leaf and bulb samples of fruit formation yielded the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 45.58 and 60.92 GAE g-1 DW, respectively. In addition, higher antioxidant activities were observed with the leaf and bulb samples harvested at the stage of fruit set.

Kaynakça

  • Assefa, A. D., Jeong, Y. J., Kim, D. J., Jeon, Y. A., Lee, J. R., Ko, H. C., Baek, H. J., and Sung, J. S. (2018). Assessing phenolic content and antioxidant potential diversity in Allium plants using multivariate data analysis. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 59, 759-773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-018-0081-4
  • Ay, E. B., Gül., Açıkgöz, M. A., Yarilgaç, T. and Kara, Ş. M. (2018). Assessment of antioxidant activity of giant snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) extracts with their total phenol and flavonoid contents. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52, 128-132. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.88
  • Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M. H. A., Ghafoor, N. A. N. and Omar, A. K. M. (2013). Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 426-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014
  • Benedec, D., Oniga, I., Hanganu, D., Gheldiu, A. M., Pușcaș, C., Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R., Duma, M., Tiperciuc, B., Vârban, R. and Vlase, L. (2018). Sources for developing new medicinal products: biochemical investigations on alcoholic extracts obtained from aerial parts of some Romanian Amaryllidaceae species. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 18, 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2292-8
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E. and Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 28, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
  • Bulduk, I. and Karafakıoğlu, Y. S. (2019). Evaluation of galantamine, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant content of Galanthus species in Turkey. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v25i130068
  • Chemat, F. and Khan, M. K. (2011). Applications of ultrasound in food technology: processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18, 813-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.023
  • Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A. G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A. S. and Abert-Vian, M. (2017). Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34, 540-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035
  • Christenhusz, M. J. and Byng J. W. (2016). The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261, 201-217.
  • Cimmino, A., Masi, M., Evidente, M., Superchi, S. and Evidente, A. (2017). Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: Absolute configuration and biological activity. Chirality, 29, 486-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/chir.22719
  • Conforti, F., Loizzo, M. R., Marrelli, M., Menichini, F., Statti, G.A., Uzunov, D. and Menichini, F. (2010). Quantitative determination of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis and in vitro activities relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48, 2-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903029308
  • Cortes, N., Sabogal-Guaqueta, A. M., Cardona-Gomez, G. P. and Osorio, E. (2019). Neuroprotection and improvement of the histopathological and behavioral impairments in a murine Alzheimer’s model treated with Zephyranthes carinata alkaloids. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 110, 482-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.013
  • Costa, G. G. P., Silva, C. A. G., Gomes, J. V. D., Torres, A. G., Santos, I. R. I., de Almeida, F. T. C., Fagg, C. W., Simeoni, L. A., Silveira, D. and Gomes-Copeland, K. K. P. (2019). Influence of in vitro micropropagation on lycorine biosynthesis and anticholinesterase activity in Hippeastrum goianum. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 29, 262-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.02.001
  • Decker, E. A. and Welch, B. (1990). Role of ferritin as a lipid oxidation catalyst in muscle food. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38, 674-677. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a019
  • Emir, A., Emir, C., Bozkurt, B., Onur, M. A., Somer, N. U. and Kaya, G. I. (2017). Application of HPLC-DAD for the quantification of Lycorine in Galanthus elwesii Hook. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902017000115063
  • Emir, A. and Önür, M. A. (2016). Simultaneous Quantification of Galanthamine and Lycorine in Galanthus fosteri by HPLC-DAD. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 20. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.201620053936
  • Fazal, H., Abbasi, B. H., Ahmad, N., Ali, S. S., Akbar, F. and Kanwal, F. (2016). Correlation of different spectral lights with biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 159, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.008
  • Ghane, S. G., Attar, U. A., Yadav, P. B. and Lekhak, M. M. (2018). Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and estimation of alkaloids (lycorine and galanthamine) from Crinum species: An important source of anticancer and anti-Alzheimer drug. Industrial Crops and Products, 125, 168-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.087
  • He, M., Qu, C., Gao, O., Hu, X. and Hong, X. (2015). Biological and pharmacological activities of amaryllidaceae alkaloids. RSC Advances, 5, 16562-16574. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA14666B
  • Houghton, P. J., Ren, Y. and Howes, M. J. (2006). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants and fungi. Natural Product Reports, 23, 181-199. https://doi.org/10.1039/B508966M
  • Karimi, E., Mehrabanjoubani, P., Homayouni-Tabrizi, M., Abdolzadeh, A. and Soltani, M. (2018). Phytochemical evaluation, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of Iranian medicinal herb Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12, 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9656-5
  • Khonakdari, M. R., Mirjalili, M. H., Gholipour, A., Rezadoost, H. and Farimani, M. M. (2018). Quantification of galantamine in Narcissus tazetta and Galanthus nivalis (Amaryllidaceae) populations growing wild in Iran. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 16, 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262117000107
  • Nair, J. J., Bastida, J., Codina, C., Viladomat, F. and Van Staden J. (2013). Alkaloids of the South African Amaryllidaceae: a review. Natural Product Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300800938
  • Nair, J. J. and Van Staden, J. (2013). Pharmacological and toxicological insights to the South African Amaryllidaceae. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.042
  • Nair, J. J. and Van Staden, J. (2014). Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the South African medicinal plant Boophone disticha (Lf) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151, 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.053
  • Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44, 307-315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307 Van Goietsenoven, G., Mathieu, V., Lefranc, F., Kornienko, A., Evidente, A. and Kiss, R. (2013). Narciclasine as well as other Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyrils are promising GTP‐ase targeting agents against brain cancers. Medicinal Research Reviews, 33, 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21253
  • Petruczynik, A., Misiurek, J., Tuzimski, T., Uszyński, R., Szymczak, G., Chernetskyy, M., and Waksmundzka, Hajnos, M. (2016). Comparison of different HPLC systems for analysis of galantamine and lycorine in various species of Amaryllidaceae family. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 39, 574-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2016.1204615
  • Rokbeni, N., M’rabet, Y., Cluzet, S., Richard, T., Krisa, S., Boussaid, M. and Boulila, A. (2016). Determination of phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of Pancratium maritimum L. from Tunisia. Industrial Crops and Products, 94, 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.021
  • Takaidza, S., Mtunzi, F. and Pillay, M. (2018). Analysis of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Tulbaghia species. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 38, 272-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.04.005
  • Tarakemeh, A., Azizi, M., Rowshan, V., Salehi, H., Spina, R., Dupire, F., Arouie, H. and Laurain-Mattar, D. (2019). Screening of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in bulbs and tissue cultures of Narcissus papyraceus and four varieties of N. tazetta. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 172, 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.043
  • Van Goietsenoven, G., Mathieu, V., Lefranc, F., Kornienko, A., Evidente, A. and Kiss, R. (2013). Narciclasine as well as other Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyrils are promising GTP‐ase targeting agents against brain cancers. Medicinal Research Reviews, 33, 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21253
  • Vinatoru, M. (2001). An overview of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of bioactive principles from herbs. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 8, 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00071-2
  • Vongsak, B., Gritsanapan, W., Wongkrajang, Y. and Jantan, I. (2013). In vitro inhibitory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its major components on chemiluminescence and chemotactic activity of phagocytes. Natural Product Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300801115
  • Wang, W., Li, Q., Liu, Y. and Chen, B. (2015). Ionic liquid-aqueous solution ultrasonic-assisted extraction of three kinds of alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr and optimize conditions use response surface. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 24, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.009
  • Wolfe, K., Wu, X. and Liu, R. H. (2003). Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 609-614. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020782a
  • Yang, L., Wang, H., Zu, Y. G., Zhao, C., Zhang, L., Chen, X. and Zhang, Z. (2011). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of the three terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus using ionic liquid aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 172, 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.039
  • Zhang, L., Geng, Y., Duan, W., Wang, D., Fu, M. and Wang, X. (2009). Ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae. Journal of Separation Science, 32, 3550-3554. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200900413

Comperative Study of Maceration and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Galantamine and Lycorine Content and Antioxidant Activity of Galanthus Elwesii Hook

Yıl 2020, , 297 - 306, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.781534

Öz

Galanthus elwesii Hook is a medically and economically important species that contains acetylcholinesterase inhibitory alkaloids galantamine and lycorine with well-known biological activities. In a field experiment, different plant parts of G. elwesii were harvested at three growing stages: flowering, post-flowering and fruit set. A comparative evaluation of maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction of galantamine and lycorine from these plant parts was implemented. The antioxidant activities and the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid of different plant parts were also investigated. The quantfication of galantamine and lycorine in the extracts was carried out by Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The HPLC analysis showed that ultrasonic-assisted extraction displayed higher quantities of galantamine, lycorine, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid and stronger antioxidant activity than maceration extraction. The highest amount of galantamine and lycorine was found in the root and leaf samples taken at fruit set as 89.27 and 23.20 µg g-1, respectively. Further, the leaf and bulb samples of fruit formation yielded the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 45.58 and 60.92 GAE g-1 DW, respectively. In addition, higher antioxidant activities were observed with the leaf and bulb samples harvested at the stage of fruit set.

Kaynakça

  • Assefa, A. D., Jeong, Y. J., Kim, D. J., Jeon, Y. A., Lee, J. R., Ko, H. C., Baek, H. J., and Sung, J. S. (2018). Assessing phenolic content and antioxidant potential diversity in Allium plants using multivariate data analysis. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 59, 759-773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-018-0081-4
  • Ay, E. B., Gül., Açıkgöz, M. A., Yarilgaç, T. and Kara, Ş. M. (2018). Assessment of antioxidant activity of giant snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) extracts with their total phenol and flavonoid contents. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52, 128-132. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.88
  • Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M. H. A., Ghafoor, N. A. N. and Omar, A. K. M. (2013). Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 426-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014
  • Benedec, D., Oniga, I., Hanganu, D., Gheldiu, A. M., Pușcaș, C., Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R., Duma, M., Tiperciuc, B., Vârban, R. and Vlase, L. (2018). Sources for developing new medicinal products: biochemical investigations on alcoholic extracts obtained from aerial parts of some Romanian Amaryllidaceae species. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 18, 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2292-8
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E. and Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 28, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
  • Bulduk, I. and Karafakıoğlu, Y. S. (2019). Evaluation of galantamine, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant content of Galanthus species in Turkey. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v25i130068
  • Chemat, F. and Khan, M. K. (2011). Applications of ultrasound in food technology: processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18, 813-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.023
  • Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A. G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A. S. and Abert-Vian, M. (2017). Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34, 540-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035
  • Christenhusz, M. J. and Byng J. W. (2016). The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261, 201-217.
  • Cimmino, A., Masi, M., Evidente, M., Superchi, S. and Evidente, A. (2017). Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: Absolute configuration and biological activity. Chirality, 29, 486-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/chir.22719
  • Conforti, F., Loizzo, M. R., Marrelli, M., Menichini, F., Statti, G.A., Uzunov, D. and Menichini, F. (2010). Quantitative determination of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis and in vitro activities relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48, 2-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903029308
  • Cortes, N., Sabogal-Guaqueta, A. M., Cardona-Gomez, G. P. and Osorio, E. (2019). Neuroprotection and improvement of the histopathological and behavioral impairments in a murine Alzheimer’s model treated with Zephyranthes carinata alkaloids. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 110, 482-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.013
  • Costa, G. G. P., Silva, C. A. G., Gomes, J. V. D., Torres, A. G., Santos, I. R. I., de Almeida, F. T. C., Fagg, C. W., Simeoni, L. A., Silveira, D. and Gomes-Copeland, K. K. P. (2019). Influence of in vitro micropropagation on lycorine biosynthesis and anticholinesterase activity in Hippeastrum goianum. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 29, 262-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.02.001
  • Decker, E. A. and Welch, B. (1990). Role of ferritin as a lipid oxidation catalyst in muscle food. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38, 674-677. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a019
  • Emir, A., Emir, C., Bozkurt, B., Onur, M. A., Somer, N. U. and Kaya, G. I. (2017). Application of HPLC-DAD for the quantification of Lycorine in Galanthus elwesii Hook. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902017000115063
  • Emir, A. and Önür, M. A. (2016). Simultaneous Quantification of Galanthamine and Lycorine in Galanthus fosteri by HPLC-DAD. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 20. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.201620053936
  • Fazal, H., Abbasi, B. H., Ahmad, N., Ali, S. S., Akbar, F. and Kanwal, F. (2016). Correlation of different spectral lights with biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 159, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.008
  • Ghane, S. G., Attar, U. A., Yadav, P. B. and Lekhak, M. M. (2018). Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and estimation of alkaloids (lycorine and galanthamine) from Crinum species: An important source of anticancer and anti-Alzheimer drug. Industrial Crops and Products, 125, 168-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.087
  • He, M., Qu, C., Gao, O., Hu, X. and Hong, X. (2015). Biological and pharmacological activities of amaryllidaceae alkaloids. RSC Advances, 5, 16562-16574. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA14666B
  • Houghton, P. J., Ren, Y. and Howes, M. J. (2006). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants and fungi. Natural Product Reports, 23, 181-199. https://doi.org/10.1039/B508966M
  • Karimi, E., Mehrabanjoubani, P., Homayouni-Tabrizi, M., Abdolzadeh, A. and Soltani, M. (2018). Phytochemical evaluation, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of Iranian medicinal herb Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12, 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9656-5
  • Khonakdari, M. R., Mirjalili, M. H., Gholipour, A., Rezadoost, H. and Farimani, M. M. (2018). Quantification of galantamine in Narcissus tazetta and Galanthus nivalis (Amaryllidaceae) populations growing wild in Iran. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 16, 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262117000107
  • Nair, J. J., Bastida, J., Codina, C., Viladomat, F. and Van Staden J. (2013). Alkaloids of the South African Amaryllidaceae: a review. Natural Product Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300800938
  • Nair, J. J. and Van Staden, J. (2013). Pharmacological and toxicological insights to the South African Amaryllidaceae. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.042
  • Nair, J. J. and Van Staden, J. (2014). Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the South African medicinal plant Boophone disticha (Lf) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151, 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.053
  • Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44, 307-315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307 Van Goietsenoven, G., Mathieu, V., Lefranc, F., Kornienko, A., Evidente, A. and Kiss, R. (2013). Narciclasine as well as other Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyrils are promising GTP‐ase targeting agents against brain cancers. Medicinal Research Reviews, 33, 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21253
  • Petruczynik, A., Misiurek, J., Tuzimski, T., Uszyński, R., Szymczak, G., Chernetskyy, M., and Waksmundzka, Hajnos, M. (2016). Comparison of different HPLC systems for analysis of galantamine and lycorine in various species of Amaryllidaceae family. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 39, 574-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2016.1204615
  • Rokbeni, N., M’rabet, Y., Cluzet, S., Richard, T., Krisa, S., Boussaid, M. and Boulila, A. (2016). Determination of phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of Pancratium maritimum L. from Tunisia. Industrial Crops and Products, 94, 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.021
  • Takaidza, S., Mtunzi, F. and Pillay, M. (2018). Analysis of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Tulbaghia species. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 38, 272-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.04.005
  • Tarakemeh, A., Azizi, M., Rowshan, V., Salehi, H., Spina, R., Dupire, F., Arouie, H. and Laurain-Mattar, D. (2019). Screening of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in bulbs and tissue cultures of Narcissus papyraceus and four varieties of N. tazetta. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 172, 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.043
  • Van Goietsenoven, G., Mathieu, V., Lefranc, F., Kornienko, A., Evidente, A. and Kiss, R. (2013). Narciclasine as well as other Amaryllidaceae isocarbostyrils are promising GTP‐ase targeting agents against brain cancers. Medicinal Research Reviews, 33, 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21253
  • Vinatoru, M. (2001). An overview of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of bioactive principles from herbs. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 8, 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00071-2
  • Vongsak, B., Gritsanapan, W., Wongkrajang, Y. and Jantan, I. (2013). In vitro inhibitory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its major components on chemiluminescence and chemotactic activity of phagocytes. Natural Product Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300801115
  • Wang, W., Li, Q., Liu, Y. and Chen, B. (2015). Ionic liquid-aqueous solution ultrasonic-assisted extraction of three kinds of alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr and optimize conditions use response surface. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 24, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.009
  • Wolfe, K., Wu, X. and Liu, R. H. (2003). Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 609-614. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020782a
  • Yang, L., Wang, H., Zu, Y. G., Zhao, C., Zhang, L., Chen, X. and Zhang, Z. (2011). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of the three terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus using ionic liquid aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 172, 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.039
  • Zhang, L., Geng, Y., Duan, W., Wang, D., Fu, M. and Wang, X. (2009). Ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae. Journal of Separation Science, 32, 3550-3554. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200900413
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ebru Batı Ay 0000-0002-9210-6907

Muhammed Akif Açıkgöz

Beril Kocaman

Şevket Metin Kara

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Batı Ay, E., Açıkgöz, M. A., Kocaman, B., Kara, Ş. M. (2020). Comperative Study of Maceration and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Galantamine and Lycorine Content and Antioxidant Activity of Galanthus Elwesii Hook. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 9(2), 297-306. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.781534