Medya Araçları ile İlk Etkileşim: 11-36 Aylık Çocukların Ev Ortamındaki Medya Deneyimleri

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, 11-36 aylık çocukların ev medya ortamlarının, ilk medya araçları ile etkileşimleri ve genel kullanım alışkanlıklarını incelemektir. Nicel araştırmalardan tarama modeli ile yürütülen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 217 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Ebeveynler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Bilgi Formu ve Medya Anketinde yer alan soruları yanıtlamışlardır. Veriler, SPSS aracılığı ile betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların tamamının evlerinde en az bir akıllı telefon, tamamına yakınında televizyon, üçte ikisinde bilgisayar ve yaklaşık yarısında da tablet olduğu bulunmuştur. Çocukların medya araçları ile ilk etkileşimlerinin ortalama 13. ayda genellikle televizyon ve akıllı telefon ile gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Çocukların medya araçları ile ilk etkileşim nedenleri arasında en çok video izlemek yer almaktadır. Mevcut durumda ise çocukların televizyon, tablet, akıllı telefon ve bilgisayar gibi medya araçlarıyla günlük ortalama 96 dakika etkileşime geçtikleri belirlenmiştir. Çocuklar medya araçları ile en çok ebeveynleri başka bir işle uğraşırken etkileşim kurmaktadırlar. Çocuklar medya araçları ile ilgilenirken, çoğunlukla yanlarında ebeveynleri, kardeşleri, akranları veya bir yetişkin bulunmaktadır. Ebeveynler, çocuklarının medya kullanım süresi ve izleyecekleri içeriğe ilişkin kuralları olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bu sonuçlar, küçük çocukların oldukça erken dönemde medya araçları ile etkileşim kurduklarını ve ebeveynlerin medya etkileşim kararlarında etkili olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar temel alınarak, gelecek araştırmalarda, mevcut araştırmanın sonuçlarının derinleştirilerek, ebeveynlerin medya araçlarının kullanımına ilişkin koydukları kurallara dair (tercih etme nedenleri, uygulama durumları/ sıklıkları vb.) araştırmalar yapılabilir. Ayrıca, uygulayıcılar ve politika yapıcılar tarafından erken dönemde ailelerin medya araçlarının kullanımına yönelik farkındalıklarını artırmaya rehberlik edecek uygulamalar ve eğitsel stratejiler geliştirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• medya araçları
• Ekran kullanımı
• Erken çocukluk
• İlk etkileşim

First Interaction with Media Tools: Media Experiences of 11-36 Month-Old Children in the Home Environment

Öz

This study examines the home media environments of children aged 11-36 months and their first and general interactions with media devices. The study group of the research, conducted using the survey (screening) method in quantitative research, consisted of 217 parents. The parents answered questions in the Information Form and Media Survey developed by the researchers. The data were descriptively analyzed using SPSS. The research found that all the children had at least one smartphone at home, nearly all had a television, two-thirds had a computer, and about half had a tablet. Children’s first interactions with media devices typically occurred around the average age of 13 months, usually with televisions and smartphones. Watching videos was the most common reason for children’s first interactions with media devices. Children interact with media devices such as televisions, smartphones, tablets, and computers for an average of 96 minutes daily. Children most often interact with media devices while their parents are busy. While engaged with media devices, children are usually accompanied by their parents, siblings, peers, or another adult. Parents indicated they have rules regarding media usage time and the content to watch. These results show that young children interact with media devices very early and that parents play an active role in decisions regarding media interaction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Media devices
• Screen time
• Early childhood
• First interaction

Kaynakça

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