Türkiye’de Belirlenen Bağ Virüs Hastalıklarının Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Önemi

Öz

Türkiye bağcılığı sosyoekonomik anlamda en önemli ürün gruplarının arasında yer almaktadır. Bağlarda birçok zararlı organizma grubu özellikle de virüs enfeksiyonları bitkiyi zayıflatıp, verim ve kalitesinde azalmalara yol açtığından karantina ve sertifikasyonda başı çekmektedir. Son yarım asırda ülke bağ virüs araştırmalarında önemli çalışmalar yapılmış ve özellikle son 20 yılda virüslerin tanımı, karakterizasyonu ve mücadele yöntemleri alanında önemli ilerlemeler kat edilmiştir. Türkiye bağ yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarında şu ana kadar viral hastalıklara neden olan yaklaşık 23 virüs ve 5 viroidin varlığı belirlenmiştir. Arabis Mosaic Virüs (ArMV), Grapevine Fanleaf Virüs (GFLV), Grapevine Fleck Virüs (GFkV), Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3) ve Grapevine Virüs A (GVA) en yaygın bağ virüsleri arasında yer almaktadır. Grapevine Virüs B (GVB), Grapevine Pinot Gris Virüs (GPGV), Grapevine Roditis Leaf Discoloration-Associated Virüs (GRLDaV), Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting-Associated Virüs (GRSPaV) ve Grapevine Syrah Virüs 1 (GSyV-1) gibi önemli viral etmenler de ülkede rapor edilmiştir. Türkiye’de bağ virüslerinin teşhisinde otsu-odunsu konukçulara indeksleme ve serolojik testler gibi geleneksel analiz yöntemlerinin yanında, moleküler analiz yöntemleri ve son dönemde yeni nesil dizileme teknolojisi (Next Generation Sequencing-NGS) gibi DNA dizileme tekniklerinin kullanımı ile teşhis ve karakterizasyon çalışmaları oldukça hızlanmıştır. Bu derlemede Türkiye’de bağ virüslerinin tarihsel gelişimi, oluşturduğu hastalıklar ve ekonomik önemi hakkında kısa bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türkiye
• bağcılık
• asma
• virüs

Historical Development and Importance of Grapevine Viruses for Turkish Vineyards

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the major fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance for Turkey. Many harmful organism groups especially viruses cause significant diseases and lead to crop losses, reducing fruit quality and plant vigour and shorten the longevity of vines. So, quarantine and certification programs are implemented strictly for viruses. In the past fifty years, especially in last twenty years, important advances have been performed in the field of grapevine virus research, including characterization of pathogens and control measurements. So far, 23 viruses and 5 viroids have been reported to occur in the Turkish vineyards. Arabis Mosaic Virus (ArMV), Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV), Grapevine Fleck Virus (GFkV), Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3), Grapevine Virus A (GVA) have been remarked as the most common viruses. In addition, some novel grapevine viruses such as Grapevine Virus B (GVB), Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus (GPGV), Grapevine Roditis Leaf Discoloration-Associated Virus (GRLDaV), Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting-Associated Virus (GRSPaV) and Grapevine Syrah Virus 1 (GSyV-1) have been identified recently. Diagnosis and characterization studies of grapevine viruses have accelerated considerably with next generation sequencing techniques based on DNA sequencing techniques in the country besides conventional techniques such as woody indexing, herbaceous indexing, serological and molecular methods. In this review, historical development, caused diseases and economic importance of grapevine viruses in Turkey was summed up.

Keywords

• Turkey
• vineyards
• grapevine
• viruses

Kaynakça

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