Süs Bitkilerinde Kullanılan Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyici Maddeler

Öz

Çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda bitkide gerçekleşen fizyolojik olayları kontrol eden ve değiştirebilen, bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddeler olarak adlandırılan doğal yada yapay bileşiklerin tarımda kullanım alanları giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu bileşiklerin bir kısmı büyümeyi teşvik ederken diğer bir kısmı da büyümeyi yavaşlatmakta veya engellemektedir. Aynı bileşikler farklı zaman ve miktarlarda uygulandığında bile farklı etkiler gösterebilmektedir. Bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddeler bahçe bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinde farklı amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Bahçe bitkileri grubu içerisinde yer alan süs bitkilerinde, özellikle bitkinin bodurlaştırılmasını sağlama, bitki boyunu uzatma, geotropizma sağlama, çiçekte kalma süresini uzatma, kompakt habitus oluşturma, erkencilik, apikal dominansiyi kısıtlama, vazo ömrünü uzatma ve soğanlı bitkilerin depolanmasında kullanılmaktadır. Bu amaçla oksin, gibberellinler, sitokininler, absisik asit, etilen gibi klasik hormonların yanı sıra son yıllarda bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddeler kapsamında kabul edilen jasmonatlar, salisilatlar, brassinosteroidler, poliaminler de kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Süs bitkilerinde de kullanımı yaygınlaşan bu bileşikler, güzel koku salgılamada, hastalık ve böcek zararlarına karşı dayanıklılığı arttırmada, çiçeklenmeyi teşvik etmede, termojenik ve koku üreten bitkilerin çiçeklenmesinde, kök oluşumunun hızlandırılmasında tercih edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddeler
• süs bitkileri
• büyüme engelleyici
• teşvik edici

Plant Growth Regulators Used in Ornamental Plants

Öz

The use of natural or synthetic compounds, called plant growth regulators, which control and alter the physiological phenomena occurring in the plant at very low concentrations, is becoming increasingly popular in agricultural areas. Some of these compounds promoting growth either the others are preventing or decreasing the plant growth. The same compounds may exhibit different effects even when applied in different time and amounts. Plant growth regulators are used for different purposes in the cultivation of horticultural plants. These plant growth regulators are used in ornamental plants within the group of horticultural plants, in particular to obtain dwarf plants, to extend the length of the plant, on geotropism, to prolong the period of flowering, to create compact habitus, earliness, to restriction the apical dominance, to prolong vase life and to increasine storage period in bulbous plants. For this purpose, as well as conventional hormones such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, the use of some chemicals such as jasmonates, salicylates, brassinosteroids, polyamines, which have been accepted in recent years as plant growth regulators, have been began. These compounds can be used in activating the plant defense mechanism against any stress, increasing post-harvest resistance, promoting flowering, secreting good smell, flowering of thermogenic and smell producer plants and providing root development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant growth regulators
• ornamental plants
• growth inhibitor-growth promoters
• post-harvest strength

Kaynakça

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