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Two Important Cornerstones of Modern Nursing: Florence Nightingale and Virginia Henderson

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 122 - 129, 03.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1808927

Öz

This review comparatively examines the nursing philosophies of Florence Nightingale and Virginia Henderson, two pioneers who laid the foundations of modern nursing. According to Florence Nightingale, nursing in the 19th century was primarily concerned with creating an environment that best supported patients’ recovery. The period in which she lived was characterized by wars, poverty, epidemics, and poor living conditions. Nightingale argued that diseases originated largely from environmental factors, emphasizing the importance of clean air, adequate light, hygiene, balanced nutrition, quietness, and proper temperature as essential components of healing. She also emphasized that nursing should be a professional profession based not only on charity but also on education, observation, and scientific knowledge. Virginia Henderson, on the other hand, redefined nursing in the 20th century through an individualized, patient-centered approach that aimed to promote independence and self-care. According to Henderson, the role of nursing is to assist individuals in performing activities that contribute to health, recovery, or a peaceful death. Viewing healthcare as a collaborative process, she emphasized that all members of the healthcare team should have an equal voice within a holistic care model. Both nursing leaders established the scientific foundations of modern nursing by emphasizing systematic observation, statistical analysis, and evidence-based reasoning. Nightingale’s environmental perspective and Henderson’s patient-centered model are regarded as complementary paradigms shaping contemporary nursing education and practice. In this sense, both thinkers made lasting contributions to the professionalization of nursing, the improvement of care quality, and the strengthening of its scientific basis.

Etik Beyan

Since it was a compilation study, ethics committee approval was not required.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received.

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

There are no thanks.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ulusoy MF. Hemşirelik mesleği [Nursing profession]. In: Görgülü, R.S. Hemşirelik Esasları: Temel Kuram, Kavram, İlke ve Yöntemler [Fundamentals of Nursing: Basic Theories, Concepts, Principles, and Methods]. Ankara: 72 TDFO Ltd.Şti. Cilt 1. 2001.
  • 2. Badanta B, Rivilla‐García E, Lucchetti G, de Diego‐Cordero R. The influence of spirituality and religion on critical care nursing: An integrative review. Nursing in Critical Care. 2022;27(3):348- 366. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12645
  • 3. Akın H. Orta Çağ Avrupası'nda cadılar ve cadı avı [Witches and witch hunts in medieval Europe]. Ankara: Alfa Yayınları. 2024.
  • 4. McDonald L. Florence Nightingale: The making of a hospital reformer. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2020;13(2):25-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586720918239
  • 5. Altuğ Özsoy A, Çetinkaya A. Hemşirelikte kuram geliştirme [Theory development in nursing]. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;35(2):77-83. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/articlefile/807500
  • 6. Velioğlu P. Hemşirelikte Kavram ve Kuramlar [Concepts and Theories in Nursing]. İstanbul: Akademi Basın ve Yayıncılık. 2012.
  • 7. Matthews JH, Whitehead PB, Ward C, Kyner M, Crowder T, Florence Nightingale: Visionary for the role of clinical nurse specialist. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2020;25(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol25No02Man01
  • 8. Naranjo-Hernández Y, Álvarez-Rodríguez R, Mirabal-Requena JC, Alvarez-Escobar B. Florence Nightingale, la primera enfermera investigadora. Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey. 2020;24(3). http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/amc/v24n3/1025-0255- amc-24-03-e6810.pdf
  • 9. Alligood MR, Hardin SR. Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book: Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2025. 10. Torres RD. Aplicación de La Teoría de Florence Nightingale en los servicios de salud en Cuba. Revista Medica Multimed. 2021;25(5). https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/multimed/mul2021/mul215n.pdf
  • 11. Taşkıran G, Temel AB. Tutkulu bir istatistikçi: Florence Nightingale [A Passionate Statistician: Florence Nightingale]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2017;10(2):113-120. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/articlefile/752974
  • 12. Nightingale F. Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army, Founded Chiefly on the Experience of the Late War by Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. London: Printed by Harrison and Sons. 1858.
  • 13. Peres MAdA, Aperibense PGGdS, Dios-Aguado MdlMd, Gómez-Cantarino S, Queirós PJP. El modelo teórico enfermero de Florence Nightingale: Una transmisión de conocimientos. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem. 2021;42:e20200228. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200228
  • 14. Rahman SU, Akhtar U. Optimizing Care by Integrating Virginia Henderson Needs Theory & Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort in a Case Study. iManager's Journal on Nursing. 2024;14(1):31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.14.1.20795
  • 15. Khan K. Comparison of two nursing theories: Virginia Henderson's need theory and peaceful end of life theory. i-Manager's Journal on Nursing. 2023;13(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kashif-Khan72/publication/372125294_Comparison_of_two_n ursing_theories_Virginia_henderson's_need_theor y_and_peaceful_end_of_life_theory/links/64a7036 68de7ed28ba7e2783/Comparison-of-two-nursingtheories-Virginia-hendersons-need-theory-andpeaceful-end-of-lifetheory.pdf?origin=journalDetail&_tp=eyJwYWdlIj oiam91cm5hbERldGFpbCJ9
  • 16. Doicela RP, Concha PJ. Bfúsqueda de la autonomía de enfermería desde la mirada de Virginia Henderson. Enfermería Investiga. 2020;5(4):40-44. https://www.erevista.bibliolatino.com/index.php/e nfi/article/view/975/906
  • 17. Martínez-Santos AE, de la Fuente NV, Facal D, Vilanova-Trillo L, Gandoy-Crego M, RodríguezGonzález R. Care tasks and impact of caring in primary family caregivers: A cross-sectional study from a nursing perspective. Applied Nursing Research. 2021;62:151505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151505
  • 18. Mayangsari M, Lutfi M. The effectiveness of Buerger Allen exercise on decreasing ABI value in diabetes mellitus patients with Virginia Henderson's nursing model theory approach in the Covid-19 pandemic. STRADA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2021;10(2):1541-1546. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v10i2.860

Modern Hemşireliğin İki Önemli Temel Taşı: Florence Nightingale ve Virginia Henderson

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 122 - 129, 03.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1808927

Öz

Bu derleme, modern hemşireliğin iki öncüsü Florence Nightingale ve Virginia Henderson’ın hemşirelik felsefelerini karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktadır. Florence Nightingale’e göre 19. Yüzyılda hemşirelik, hastaların iyileşmelerini destekleyecek en uygun çevresel koşulların sağlanmasına dayanıyordu. Yaşadığı dönemde savaşlar, yoksulluk, salgın hastalıklar ve kötü yaşam koşulları yaygındı. Nightingale, hastalıkların temel nedenlerinin çevresel faktörler olduğunu savunarak temiz hava, yeterli ışık, hijyen, dengeli beslenme, sessizlik ve uygun sıcaklık gibi unsurları iyileşmenin temel ilkeleri olarak tanımladı. Ayrıca, hemşireliğin yalnızca yardımseverliğe değil, eğitime, gözleme ve bilimsel bilgiye dayalı profesyonel bir meslek olması gerektiğini vurguladı. Virginia Henderson ise 20. Yüzyılda hemşireliği birey merkezli bir anlayışla yeniden tanımlayarak, bireyin bağımsızlığını ve öz bakım gücünü desteklemeyi amaçlayan bir yaklaşım geliştirdi. Henderson’a göre hemşirelik, bireyin sağlık, iyileşme veya huzurlu bir ölüm sürecinde ihtiyaçlarını karşılamasına yardım etmektir. Sağlık hizmetini bir ekip çalışması olarak gören Henderson, tüm sağlık profesyonellerinin eşit söz hakkına sahip olduğu bütüncül bir bakım anlayışını savunmuştur. Her iki hemşirelik lideri de bilimsel gözlem, istatistiksel analiz ve sistematik düşünmeye verdikleri önemle modern hemşireliğin bilimsel temellerini atmışlardır. Nightingale’in çevresel yaklaşımı ile Henderson’ın birey merkezli modeli, çağdaş hemşirelik eğitimi ve klinik uygulamalarında birbirini tamamlayan iki paradigma olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu yönüyle her iki düşünür de hemşirelik mesleğinin profesyonelleşmesi, bakım kalitesinin artırılması ve bilimsel temellerinin güçlendirilmesine kalıcı katkılar sağlamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Derleme çalışma olduğu için etik kurul onayına ihtiyaç duyulmamıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Herhangi bir finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

Teşekkür bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ulusoy MF. Hemşirelik mesleği [Nursing profession]. In: Görgülü, R.S. Hemşirelik Esasları: Temel Kuram, Kavram, İlke ve Yöntemler [Fundamentals of Nursing: Basic Theories, Concepts, Principles, and Methods]. Ankara: 72 TDFO Ltd.Şti. Cilt 1. 2001.
  • 2. Badanta B, Rivilla‐García E, Lucchetti G, de Diego‐Cordero R. The influence of spirituality and religion on critical care nursing: An integrative review. Nursing in Critical Care. 2022;27(3):348- 366. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12645
  • 3. Akın H. Orta Çağ Avrupası'nda cadılar ve cadı avı [Witches and witch hunts in medieval Europe]. Ankara: Alfa Yayınları. 2024.
  • 4. McDonald L. Florence Nightingale: The making of a hospital reformer. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2020;13(2):25-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586720918239
  • 5. Altuğ Özsoy A, Çetinkaya A. Hemşirelikte kuram geliştirme [Theory development in nursing]. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;35(2):77-83. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/articlefile/807500
  • 6. Velioğlu P. Hemşirelikte Kavram ve Kuramlar [Concepts and Theories in Nursing]. İstanbul: Akademi Basın ve Yayıncılık. 2012.
  • 7. Matthews JH, Whitehead PB, Ward C, Kyner M, Crowder T, Florence Nightingale: Visionary for the role of clinical nurse specialist. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2020;25(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol25No02Man01
  • 8. Naranjo-Hernández Y, Álvarez-Rodríguez R, Mirabal-Requena JC, Alvarez-Escobar B. Florence Nightingale, la primera enfermera investigadora. Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey. 2020;24(3). http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/amc/v24n3/1025-0255- amc-24-03-e6810.pdf
  • 9. Alligood MR, Hardin SR. Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book: Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2025. 10. Torres RD. Aplicación de La Teoría de Florence Nightingale en los servicios de salud en Cuba. Revista Medica Multimed. 2021;25(5). https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/multimed/mul2021/mul215n.pdf
  • 11. Taşkıran G, Temel AB. Tutkulu bir istatistikçi: Florence Nightingale [A Passionate Statistician: Florence Nightingale]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2017;10(2):113-120. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/articlefile/752974
  • 12. Nightingale F. Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army, Founded Chiefly on the Experience of the Late War by Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. London: Printed by Harrison and Sons. 1858.
  • 13. Peres MAdA, Aperibense PGGdS, Dios-Aguado MdlMd, Gómez-Cantarino S, Queirós PJP. El modelo teórico enfermero de Florence Nightingale: Una transmisión de conocimientos. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem. 2021;42:e20200228. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200228
  • 14. Rahman SU, Akhtar U. Optimizing Care by Integrating Virginia Henderson Needs Theory & Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort in a Case Study. iManager's Journal on Nursing. 2024;14(1):31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.14.1.20795
  • 15. Khan K. Comparison of two nursing theories: Virginia Henderson's need theory and peaceful end of life theory. i-Manager's Journal on Nursing. 2023;13(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kashif-Khan72/publication/372125294_Comparison_of_two_n ursing_theories_Virginia_henderson's_need_theor y_and_peaceful_end_of_life_theory/links/64a7036 68de7ed28ba7e2783/Comparison-of-two-nursingtheories-Virginia-hendersons-need-theory-andpeaceful-end-of-lifetheory.pdf?origin=journalDetail&_tp=eyJwYWdlIj oiam91cm5hbERldGFpbCJ9
  • 16. Doicela RP, Concha PJ. Bfúsqueda de la autonomía de enfermería desde la mirada de Virginia Henderson. Enfermería Investiga. 2020;5(4):40-44. https://www.erevista.bibliolatino.com/index.php/e nfi/article/view/975/906
  • 17. Martínez-Santos AE, de la Fuente NV, Facal D, Vilanova-Trillo L, Gandoy-Crego M, RodríguezGonzález R. Care tasks and impact of caring in primary family caregivers: A cross-sectional study from a nursing perspective. Applied Nursing Research. 2021;62:151505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151505
  • 18. Mayangsari M, Lutfi M. The effectiveness of Buerger Allen exercise on decreasing ABI value in diabetes mellitus patients with Virginia Henderson's nursing model theory approach in the Covid-19 pandemic. STRADA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2021;10(2):1541-1546. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v10i2.860
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik Esasları
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Beratiye Öner 0000-0002-8004-4657

Medine Sertkaya Bu kişi benim 0009-0003-2023-762X

Proje Numarası -
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öner, B., & Sertkaya, M. (2025). Modern Hemşireliğin İki Önemli Temel Taşı: Florence Nightingale ve Virginia Henderson. Balkan Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1808927

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