Araştırma Makalesi
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Biomass Studies And Principles Of Stem Wood Sampling

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 168 - 174, 15.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.267288

Öz

Global climate change in general, "natural climate variability
observed in a comparable period of time, the natural structure of the global
atmosphere and climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human
activity that disrupts the changes in the whole" is defined as. Although
there are different opinions on the causes of global climate change, the most
widely accepted theory about the "greenhouse effect" is. Greenhouse
gases that cause global warming in the world that have the most significant effect
of CO2 by photosynthesis is stored in the forest ecosystem. Forest areas as
carbon sinks because of its high efficiency, carbon stock changes in forest
ecosystems is a necessity for countries included in the Kyoto protocol
statement.

Components in forest ecosystem carbon pool is considered to be a
"living biomass (above-ground and underground)," and "dead
biomass (planted dry, dead wood and soil) as" divided into two parts.
Sufficiently accurate for estimating carbon stock changes in forest ecosystems,
the necessary data can be achieved, there is a need for scientific studies of
these components.





Woody biomass and its annual change in the amount of carbon stocked in
determining stem volume, the total amount of biomass, the biomass distribution
of components, and their carbon contents of biomass, such as commercial and
non-commercial parts of the data are needed. In this study, the subject of how
to do the above ground biomass studies, sampling and sampling of the stem of a
topic is intended to clarify.

Kaynakça

  • Alberti, G., Candido, P., Peressotti, A., Turco, S., Piussi, P., Zerbi, G. 2005. Aboveground biomass relationships for mixed ash (Fraxinus excelsior L. and Ulmus glabra Hudson) stands in Eastern Prealps of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Ann.For.Sci. 62:831-836.
  • Bert, D., Danjon, F.. 2006. Carbon concentration variations in the roots, stem and crown of mature Pinus pinaster (Ait.). For.Ecol.Manage. 222:279-295.
  • Binkley, D., Stape, J.L., Ryan, M.G. 2004. Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests. For.Ecol.Manage. 193:5-16.
  • Brown, S. 2002. Measuring carbon in forests: current status and future challenges. Environmental Pollution, 116, 363-372.
  • Dixon, R..K.., Trexler, M.C., Wisniewski, J., Brown, S., Houghton, R.A., Solomon, A.M. 1994. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. For. Sci. 263,3. 185-190.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Atmaca, S. 2010. Predicting the Above-ground Biomass of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands in Turkey. Energ Source- Part A, 32:485-493.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Çakıl, E. 2010.Predicting the above-ground biomass of crimean pine (Pinus nigra)stands in Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 31:115-118.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Ünsal, A. 2009. Predicting the above-ground biomass of calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Turkey. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8 (11): 2483-2488.
  • Elias, M., Potvin, C. 2003. Assessing inter- and intra-spesific variation in trunk carbon concentration for 32 neotropical tree species. Can.J.For.Res. 33:1039-1045.
  • Gower, S.T., Krankina, O., Olson, R.J., Apps, M., Linder, S., Wang, C. 2001. Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 11:1395-1411.
  • Gower, S.T., Kucharik, C.J., Norman, J.M. 1999. Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, F(APAR) and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystem. Remote Sens. Environ. 70:29-51.
  • Hall DO, Rosillo-Calle F, Williams RH, Woods J 1993. Biomass enegy supply and prospects. Renew. Energ.: Sources for fuel and electricity. Island Press, Washington DC, pp.593-651.
  • IPCC. 2003. Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan.
  • Laiho, R., Laine, J. 1997 Tree stand biomass and carbon content in an age sequence of drained pine mires in southern Finland. For.Ecol.Manage. 93:161-169.
  • Lamlom, S.H., Savidge, R.A. 2003. A reassessment of carbon content in wood: variation within and between 41 North American species. Biom. Bioe. 25:381-388.
  • Nowak, D.J., Crane, D.E. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environ. Pollut. 116:381-389.
  • Specht, A., West, P.W. 2003. Estimation of biomass and sequestered carbon on farm forest plantations in northern West South Wales, Australia. Biom. Bioe, 25:363-379.
  • Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Wang, X., Quan, X. 2009. Carbon concentration variability of 10 Chinese temperate tree species. For.Ecol.Manage. 258:722-727.
  • Zhao, M., Zhou, G. 2005. Estimation of biomass and net primary productivity of major planted forests in China based on forest inventory data, Forest Ecology and Management, 207: 295–313.

Biokütle Çalışmaları ve Gövde Odun Örneklerinin Alınması Esasları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 168 - 174, 15.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.267288

Öz

Küresel iklim değişimi genel olarak
“Karşılaştırılabilir bir zaman diliminde gözlenen doğal iklim değişkenlikleri
ile küresel atmosferin doğal yapısını doğrudan ya da dolaylı biçimde bozan
insan etkinlikleri sonucunda iklimde oluşan değişikliklerin bütünü” olarak
tarif edilmektedir. Küresel iklim değişiminin nedenleri üzerine değişik görüşler
varsa da en kabul gören görüş “sera etkisi” olmaktadır. Dünyada küresel
ısınmaya neden olan sera gazları arasında en önemli etkiye sahip olan CO2,
orman ekosistemi içerisinde fotosentez yoluyla depolanmaktadır. Orman
alanlarının karbon havuzu olarak sahip olduğu yüksek etkinlik sebebiyle, orman
ekosistemlerindeki karbon stok değişimlerinin bildirimi Kyoto protokolüne dâhil
ülkeler için bir zorunluluktur.

Karbon havuzu olarak düşünülen orman ekosistemi
içerisinde bileşenler “canlı biyokütle (toprak üstü ve toprak altı)” ve “ölü
biyokütle (dikili kuru, ölü odun ve toprak)” olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Orman
ekosistemlerindeki karbon stok değişimlerinin yeteri doğrulukta tahmini için,
gerekli verilerin sağlanabileceği, bu bileşenlere ait bilimsel çalışmalara ihtiyaç
vardır.





Odunsu biyokütlede stoklanan karbon miktarı ve
bunun yıllık değişiminin belirlenmesinde, gövde hacmi, biyokütlenin tüm
miktarı, biyokütlenin bileşenlere dağılımı, biyokütlenin ticari ve ticari
olmayan kısımları ile bunların karbon içerikleri gibi verilere ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile toprak üstü biyokütle çalışmalarında örneklemenin
nasıl yapılması gerektiği konusuna ve özellikle gövde örneklemesi konusuna bir
açıklık getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Alberti, G., Candido, P., Peressotti, A., Turco, S., Piussi, P., Zerbi, G. 2005. Aboveground biomass relationships for mixed ash (Fraxinus excelsior L. and Ulmus glabra Hudson) stands in Eastern Prealps of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Ann.For.Sci. 62:831-836.
  • Bert, D., Danjon, F.. 2006. Carbon concentration variations in the roots, stem and crown of mature Pinus pinaster (Ait.). For.Ecol.Manage. 222:279-295.
  • Binkley, D., Stape, J.L., Ryan, M.G. 2004. Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests. For.Ecol.Manage. 193:5-16.
  • Brown, S. 2002. Measuring carbon in forests: current status and future challenges. Environmental Pollution, 116, 363-372.
  • Dixon, R..K.., Trexler, M.C., Wisniewski, J., Brown, S., Houghton, R.A., Solomon, A.M. 1994. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. For. Sci. 263,3. 185-190.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Atmaca, S. 2010. Predicting the Above-ground Biomass of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands in Turkey. Energ Source- Part A, 32:485-493.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Çakıl, E. 2010.Predicting the above-ground biomass of crimean pine (Pinus nigra)stands in Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 31:115-118.
  • Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., Ünsal, A. 2009. Predicting the above-ground biomass of calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Turkey. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8 (11): 2483-2488.
  • Elias, M., Potvin, C. 2003. Assessing inter- and intra-spesific variation in trunk carbon concentration for 32 neotropical tree species. Can.J.For.Res. 33:1039-1045.
  • Gower, S.T., Krankina, O., Olson, R.J., Apps, M., Linder, S., Wang, C. 2001. Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 11:1395-1411.
  • Gower, S.T., Kucharik, C.J., Norman, J.M. 1999. Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, F(APAR) and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystem. Remote Sens. Environ. 70:29-51.
  • Hall DO, Rosillo-Calle F, Williams RH, Woods J 1993. Biomass enegy supply and prospects. Renew. Energ.: Sources for fuel and electricity. Island Press, Washington DC, pp.593-651.
  • IPCC. 2003. Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan.
  • Laiho, R., Laine, J. 1997 Tree stand biomass and carbon content in an age sequence of drained pine mires in southern Finland. For.Ecol.Manage. 93:161-169.
  • Lamlom, S.H., Savidge, R.A. 2003. A reassessment of carbon content in wood: variation within and between 41 North American species. Biom. Bioe. 25:381-388.
  • Nowak, D.J., Crane, D.E. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environ. Pollut. 116:381-389.
  • Specht, A., West, P.W. 2003. Estimation of biomass and sequestered carbon on farm forest plantations in northern West South Wales, Australia. Biom. Bioe, 25:363-379.
  • Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Wang, X., Quan, X. 2009. Carbon concentration variability of 10 Chinese temperate tree species. For.Ecol.Manage. 258:722-727.
  • Zhao, M., Zhou, G. 2005. Estimation of biomass and net primary productivity of major planted forests in China based on forest inventory data, Forest Ecology and Management, 207: 295–313.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Durkaya Bu kişi benim

Birsen Durkaya Bu kişi benim

Sinan Kaptan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Durkaya, A., Durkaya, B., & Kaptan, S. (2016). Biokütle Çalışmaları ve Gövde Odun Örneklerinin Alınması Esasları. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.267288


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