Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi ekolojik koşullarında yetişen bazı tıbbi bitkilerin biyokimyasal içeriği ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Türkiye coğrafik yapısı, iklimsel özellikleri ve konumundan ötürü çok zengin bir bitki örtüsüne sahiptir.  Bu bitki çeşitliliğinin içerisinde çok sayıda tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiyi de barındırmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada ülkemizin Kuzey Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Ardahan ilinde yetişen, halk arasındaki adlarıyla kımı (Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.), madımak, (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), evelik (Rumex crispus L.), aslan pençesi (Allcemilla sericata Rchb.) ve çuha (Primula veris L.) bitkilerinin bazı biyoaktif bileşen içerikleri ve antioksidan özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin yaprak örnekleri Mayıs ayında toplanarak laboratuvara getirilmiş ve taze örneklerle hazırlanan ekstraktlarla analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.  Çalışmada toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavanoid madde içeriği ile 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (% 91,9), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (% 58.9) ve Demir(III) iyonu indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) (770,8 µmol Fe II/g) metodlarına göre antioksidan aktivitesi en yüksek olan bitkinin Allcemilla sericata Rchb. olduğu belirlenmiştir.  Bitki türlerinin toplam askorbik asit içeriklerinin 118,5 ile 387,7 mg/100g değerleri arasında olduğu ve en yüksek değerin Anthriscus sylvestris (L.)  bitkisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan,askorbik,fenolik,flavanoid,tıbbi bitki

Determination of the biochemical content and antioxidant properties of some medical plants grown in the North East Anatolia Region ecological conditions

Öz

Turkey has a very rich vegetation, due to its geografic structure and climatic conditions.  This plant diversity contains many medicinal and aromatic plants.  In this study, it has been identified some bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant activities of Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., Polygonum cognatum Meissn., Rumex crispus L., Allcemilla sericata Rchb. and Primula veris L. grown in the Ardahan centre located  in the North East Anatolia Region of our country.   The areal parts collected in May, brought to the laboratory and the analysis were performed with extracts prepared from fresh samples.  The highest total phenolic, total flavonoid contents, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (% 91.9), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (% 58.9) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (770.8 µmol Fe II/g) activities was detected in Allcemilla sericata Rchb.  It was determined that total ascorbic acid contents of plant species was between 118.5 and 387.7 mg/100g, Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) had the highest total ascorbic acid content. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioxidant,ascorbic,phenolic,flavonoid,medical plant

Kaynakça

1. Hendrawati, O., Studies on Anthriscus sylvestris L. (Hoffm.) Metabolic engineering of combinatorial biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin, pHD Thesis, Groningen University, Holland, (2011).
2. Özbek, H., Cinsel ve Jinekolojik Sorunların Tedavisinde Bitkilerin Kullanımı, Van Tıp Dergisi, 12(2), 170-174, (2005).
3. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2014) http://www.who.int/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2016)
4. Kumar, S.A., Plants-based Medicines in India . http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fmay 2000/f240520006.html. Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2016.
5. Baytop, T., Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, s.480, (1996).
6. Spalık, K., Typification of the Boissier names in Anthriscus Pers. (Apiaceae). Botanican Journal of The Linnean Society, 119(1), 77-86, (1995).
7. Jeong, G.S., Kwon, O.K., Park, B.Y., Oh, S.R., Ahn, K.S., Chang, M.J., Oh, W.K., Kım, J.C., Mın, B.S., Kım, Y.C., ve Lee, H.K., Lignans and coumarins from the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris and their increase of caspase-3 activity in HL-60 cells, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 30, 1340-1343, (2007).
8. Chen, H., Jiang, H.Z., Li, Y.C., Wei, G.Q. , Geng, Y., ve Ma, C.Y., Antitumor constituents from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15, 2803-2807, (2014).

9. Jung, C.H., Kım, H., Ahn, J., Jung, S.K., Um, M.Y., Son, K.H., ve Ha, T.Y., Anthricin Isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR Signaling, and Its Apoptotic Effects Are Enhanced by Autophagy Inhibition, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 385219, (2013).
10. Onen, H., Parmaksız, I. ve Gebologlu, N., Reproduction capacity of Polygonum cognatum Meissn. (Knotweed). ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, (2011).
11. Demir, H., Erzurum’da yetişen madımak, yemlik ve kızamık bitkilerinin bazı kimyasal bileşimi, Bahçe, 35(1-2), 55-60, (2006).
12. Tuzlacı, E., Türkiye'nin yabani besin bitkileri ve ot yemekleri, Melisa Matbaacılık, İstanbul, (2011).
13. Onen, H., Yılar, M. ve Kaya, C., Phenoleic composition of madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.) plants. 3. Plant protection Congress. Van, Turkey, (2009).
14. Asımgil, A., Şifalı Bitkiler. Timaş yayınları, İstanbul, (2003).
15. Hughes, E.W., Studies into the biology of some Rumex species, MSc thesis, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK, (1938).
16. Yildirim, A., Mavi, A., ve Kara, A.A., Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(8), 4083-4089, (2001).
17. Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz, S., ve Inceer, H., Three new Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) records from Turkey, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5), 2093-2096, (2009).
18. Kaya, B., Menemen, Y., ve Saltan, F.Z., Flavonoids in the endemic species of Alchemilla L., (section Alchemilla L. subsection Calycanthum Rothm. Ser. Elatae Rothm.) from North-east Black Sea Region in Turkey, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(2), 595-597, (2012).
19. Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T., ve Jaenicke, C. (Eds), Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) for Herbal Medicines, Thomson PDR, Montvale, 497, (2004).
20. Eggensperger, H., Zur Anwendung pfl anzlicher Gerbstoffe in der Dermatologie und Kosmetik. In: Multiaktive Wirkstoffe für Kosmetika (Eggensperger H., ed.). Verlag für chemische Industrie, Augsburg, 107-127, (2006).
21. Gamze, B. Ozmen A., Biyik, H. H. ve Şen, O., Antimitotic and antibacterial effects of the Primula veris L. flower extracts, Caryologia, 61(1), 88–91, (2008).
22. EMA (European Medicines Agency), Assessment report on Primula veris L. and/or Primula elatior (L.) Hill, flos,” EMA/HMPC/136583/2012, (2012).
23. Davis, P.H. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3, 328-369, (1970).
24. Spanos, G.A., ve Wrolstad, R.E., Phenolic of apple, pear and white grape juices and their changes with processing and storage, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 40(9), 1478-1487, (1992).
25. Quettier-Deleu, C., Gressier, B., Vasseur, J., Dine, T., Brunet, J., Luyck, M., Cazin, M., Cazin, J.C., Bailleul, F., ve Trotin, F., Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls and flour, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72, 35-40, (2000).
26. Şahin, G., Dondurarak ve açık havada kurutarak muhafazanın kuşburnu meyvesinin bazı kalite özelliklerine etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2013).
27. Bakhshi, D., ve Arakawa, O., Effects of UV-b irradiation on phenolic compound accumulation and antioxidant activity in ‘Jonathan’ apple influenced by bagging, temperature and maturation, Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 4(1), 75-79, (2006).
28. Rezaeirad, D., Bakhshi, D., Ghasemnezhad, M., ve Lahiji, H.S., Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of local pears (Pyrus sp.) in the North of Iran, International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5(8), 882-887, (2013).
29. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., ve Rice-Evans, C., Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237, (1999).
30. Benzie, I.F.F, ve Strain, J.J., The ferric reducing Ability of plasma (FRAB) as a measure of Antioxidant power: The FRAB assay, Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70-76, (1996).
31. Duncan, D.B., Multiple range and multiple F Tests, Biometrics, 11, 1-14, (1955).
32. Mitsuda, H., Yuasumoto, K., ve Iwami, K., Antioxidation action of indole compounds during the autoxidation of linoleic acid, Eiyo to Shokuryo, 19, 210-214, (1996).
33. Celik, H., Kucukoglu, K., Nadaroglu, H., ve Senol, M., Evaluation of antioxidant, antiradicalic and antimicrobial activities of kernel date (Fructus dactylus), Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, (2014).
34. Demir, N., Alayli Güngör, A., Güngör Nadaroglu, H. ve Demir, Y., The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Primrose (Primula vulgaris), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(2), 395-401, (2014).
35. Hamid, K.H.A., Azman, N.A.M., Sharaani, S., Zain, N., Ahmad, N., Sulaiman, A.Z., Chik, S.S.T., Ishak, W.F.W., ve Pablos, M.P.A., Alchemilla vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria Extracts as Potential Natural Preservatives in Beef Patties, Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21(4), 986-995, (2017).
36. Coruh, I., Gormez, A., Ercisli, S., ve Sengul, M., Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Rumex crispus Grown Wild in Turkey, Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(9), 634-638, (2008).
37. Al-osaj, S.L., Cytotoxic Evaluation of Alchemilla vulgaris Flavonoids in Normal Blood lymphocytes, Master Thesis, Al-Nahrain University, (2016).
38. Hanneken, A., Lin, F.F., Johnson, J., ve Maher, P., Flavonoids protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative-stress-induced death, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 47(7), 3164-77, (2006).
39. Ding, W., Yang, T., ve Tian, S., Effect of different growth stages of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. on its chemical composition, Pharmacognosy Magazine, 10, 1–5, (2014).
40. Denev, P., Kratchanova, M., Ciz, M., Lojek, A., Vasicek, O., Blazheva, D., Nedelcheva, P., Vojtek, L., ve Hyrsl, P., Antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities of herb extracts, Polish Biochemical Society Journal, 61, 359–367, (2014).
41. Rudhani, I., Raci, F., Ibrahimi, H., Mehmeti, A., Kameri, A., Faiku, F., Majlinda, M., Govori, S., ve Haziri, A., Phytochemical and in vitro Antioxidant Studies of Primula veris L. Growing Wild in Kosovo, Khimiya, 26(5), 773-785, (2017).
42. Olaru, O.T., Nitulescu, G.M., Ortan, A., Babeanu, N., Popa, O., Ionescu, D., ve Dinu-Pirvu, C.E., Polyphenolic content and toxicity assessment of Anthriscus sylyestris Hoffm, Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22, 6, (2016).
43. Naidu, K.A., Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview, Nutrition Journal, 2, 7-10, (2003).
44. Meos, A., Zaharova, I., Kask, M., ve Raal, A., Contents of Ascorbic Acid in Common Cowslip (Primula veris L.) Compared to Common Food Plants and Orange Juices, Avta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 59(1), 113-120, (2017).
45. Ryabova, O., Primula officinalis L. as a source of vitamin C, Farmatsiya, 11, 22-24, (1939).
46. Baş, H., Pandır D., Yozgat’ta Tarımı Yapılan ve Çokça Tüketilen Madımak (Polygonum Cognatum) Bitkisinin Antioksidan Kapasitesi ve H2O2’nin İnsan Eritrositlerinde Meydana Getirdiği in vitro Toksik Etki Üzerine Koruyucu Rolü, I.Uluslararası Bozok Sempozyumu, 05-07 Mayıs, Yozgat, (2016).